Period Comparison Essay

The two flicks I chose to compargon are The vestal and child by Rogier van der Weyden (1406, Netherlandish gallery room 207) and The agony by Francisco de Zurbaran (1627, Spanish gallery room 215). These two moving pictures focus on messiah Christ, his public and his divinity. I chose them because they represent Jesus fragile compassionateity by dint of his babyhood and death. These impositiontings struck me as different from the other religious art I had seen because it stresses humanity without sacrificing divinity.Weyden illustrates the debaucher of humanity with a poignant portrait of The complete(a) Mary breastfeeding Jesus as an infant. The sheer tenderness of this most mere(a) and necessary bonding between the mother and the child is captured in this painting. It is a feeling that only a mother raise understand expert now it is subject of touching everybody because everybody plays at least sensation of these roles throughout their lifetime. The violator an d simplicity of human nature is a identical contrasted with the jewels that adorn Marys robe and the velvet drape behind her. It come outs to me that it implies divinity though one could also interpret that as something else. Although this was a painting for private cultism and think to capture a beautiful moment, one can also see the somber side of human nature in this painting. alien and expensive jewels surround Mary and Jesus. But why jewels? Why were jewels chosen to represent the divine? Jesus spoke against material riches saying that only those rich in spirit can enter the demesne of Heaven. Jewels can also be interpreted as money and that is of strain a necessary shame. If money is the root of all evil and human nature by definition is imperfect and tends to stray towards evil, then this painting takes on a whole new meaning to me. This means that nobody, take down Jesus, can be perfect if he is limited to being a mortal human being. To me, the painting goes much deeper than what is actually presented.Whether he intended to or not, Weyden created a statement of God enjoying the beauty of his humanity still also dealing with the ugliness that comes along. The jewels represent humanity because even though they are beautiful and grand on the outside, beneath they cannot escape the evil that is. For the jewels it isthe greed and the bloodshed and everything else money represents that seems to stain its beauty. For man, it is the amazing and marvelous things we can create that are also stained with the atroci railroad ties that we are capable of.Obviously in that respect is to a greater extent to this painting than meets the eye but there is something elicit in the way the two are positioned. Mary, with her breast heart-to-heart preparing to feed her son means that Jesus is still in his infancy. Infants are very helpless and vulnerable, but Jesus appears to be sitting upright, albeit with support. The shade in his eyes gives a feeling of in telligence and wisdom charm at the homogeneous time they are still doe-eyed and innocent. However, the most kindle point is the position of the infants arms. He sits upright with his custody almost offering a blessing. A similar pose can be seen in Rembrandts Christ Healing the Sick.The other painting that captured my thoughts was one by Francisco de Zurbaran. Even though it was painted over a century later in a different small-arm of Europe, the two paintings seem to intertwine to de red-hotr a strong message. This painting, which is considered Zurbarans lose masterpiece, is a massive painting designed originally for a church service, the church of Dominican of San Pablo el Real in Seville. It dwarfs Weydens tiny Virgin and Child. These seemingly opposite paintings oddly enough have so legion(predicate) similarities. They both portray Jesus in fragile states yet this differs from the low gear because it deals with Christs death. The picture is a somber one with judgment t hat is so life like, it was often mistaken for sculpture when viewed from far away.It portrays Jesus hanging from the cross. He is in the classic position with nails driven through his palms. There are no other objects in the background it is on the button Jesus, his cross and a mysterious source of light. According to the background account of the painting, the light suggests divinity. Both paintings have symbols for divinity but are radically contrasted at the identical time. Christ is left on the cross, alone and pain whereas the first is the comfort of infancy. The Crucifixion, in all its great size and beauty reflects what a huge, momentous event Jesus death really was.The Crucifixion does contrast the first painting because instead of intricateposes and fine jewels, it is just simply death. The painting is so good because it is something so simple and primitive that it is beyond words. No words can capture the sorrow and the pain of that very moment like Zubrbaran can with his brush. It stands profound and intimidating. It draws upon our experience and our intimacy of death. We are there, we are seeing the fault and the evil of humanity. We have killed our creator, Zurbaran seems to say. He seems to be screaming it in your ear while at the same time we are enveloped by a deafening silence. It is enough to put in you in awe of what humanity is. It seems to put us in the same state of mind early man must have been in when looking upon the dark, infinite sky above.The light source is another interesting and debatable point. It seems to bring a source of comfort, if any could be found. It is a single light in a presumably infinite dark and it illuminates the empty corpse of God. If life is death and life is beautiful, it seems that the death of the churchman can be seen as a beautiful thing. God came to live amongst his creation, to teach and to spread the word. In his death however, he created something of much more impact than he ever accomplished i n his own lifetime. That leads me in to another point. In his death, that single light source could be just the start, a spark or a flame that would spread like wildfire, spreading the love of God everywhere. It could be represented as not only the death of Christ, but the birth of Christianity.In conclusion, these two paintings seem to go hand in hand. They are completely opposite paintings that tie into each other and almost seem to tell a story. Of rail line it could be argued that these two paintings have nothing at all in common except for the subject. But it doesnt really matter what part of the world they are from or what period in history they lived in. What matters is that they axiom something, felt something so strong and so profound that they captured it to be declare by all.

The movie industry

The word picture assiduity has already established its roots in this lifespantime, and probably tear cut in the next. Hollywood itself is a historical entity it has its own life, its own good deal, and its own followers and worshippers. It is wish a cult that cre takes a huge amount of money every(prenominal) single day. It has invaded non only the big screen, only our televisions and music players as well. In fact, the three categories of entertainment book often intertwined and exchanged characters. We ghost over the movies that we feel like we screwing relate to. Maybe its because of the theme, or the ending of the story that has authentically touched our lives.Or it was a favored book that we have read a million times that tidy sum now live outside our imaginations and can visually please us on the big screen. Or we repute a movie manifestly because we adore the actors in it, so much so that we know what they ate for breakfast for the whole week. We have been f ollowing the movie industry for a long time now. We praise and worship those who check the biggest money on its opening week and almost not mention those who do not even make it to the big screen and directly to DVDs. Money is the crowning(prenominal) cause and end of this industry. And it is said that money is also the reason wherefore the military ranks exist.Almost all movies have a rating by the MPAA. However, the accuracy and the genuineness of these ratings be being questioned not only by the get industry players, hardly mostly by the mess the MPAA swore to exist for, the American p atomic number 18nts and their cle atomic number 18d tykeren. The issue that exists now is not whether or not pargonnts should seize their children to watch movies that have been labeled as restricted for them, but the integrity of the ratings itself is questionable. The controversies adjoin the ratings of Hollywood movies cloud over the fact that the principal reason for the univers e of discourse of the ratings is responsibility and sensibility.Their goal as an association is to be of assistance to the American parents to help them guide their children in restricting and choosing which movies to watch. As it was stated by Jack Valenti, former MPAA president, in an article that he wrote, To offer to parents more or less advance information closely movies so that parents can decide what movies they want their children to see or not to see (Valenti). But several critiques and hullabaloos have been shed in lieu of the existence of this ratings organization. several(prenominal) say that the mount up members are biased towards the producers and directors that they have come to love. Some say that the members of this board anathematise movies that targets issues that they are sensitive about. It seems that the existence of such an organization cannot really nurture anybody, if that is what they are really for. If I was a parent, and I was asked if I should allo w my children to watch movies that were labeled unsuitable for them by a group of people that have questionable goals and motives, I would say yes, I provide decidedly allow them.I would advocate allowing children to watch restricted stamped movies because I know that even if the ratings do not exist, the parents will be responsible enough to talk of issues with their children firsthand. The parents have the discretion when it comes to watching these movies with their children. Parents exist for guidance and support, for explanation and for realization. Some parents are willing to be open and discuss important life changing issue with their children and do not encounter any problems with it.Some parents faint-hearted a mien from the issue because they think their children would not understand. But this is not true. School-aged children are old and mature enough to try to understand issues. According to Erik Eriksons theory of developmental tasks, school-aged children are already curious as to how and why things operate the way they do. Their intense curiosities may be able to instill them a lot already, especially if someone they trust, like their parents, will be delivering the information to them firsthand (Kaplan). There is nothing wrong with a child knowing some sensitive topics at such a newborn age.In fact, children today are very aware of global issues and how these things affect them. The MPAA can stamp their ratings on movies as long as they want and they could, but they really could not stop any parent from allowing their children to watch movies. Secondly, I adjudge it unnecessary for a ratings board such as the MPAA to exist. ratings are arbitrary and subjective the people who stamp these ratings on movies are people just like us, human beings that can be subjected to persuasions and influences. Some filmmakers are making their case against the MPAA heard.According to Scoot Bowles of USA Today, Harvey Weinsteins movie Grind mansion was in t he brink of being rated NC-17, a rating that cannot only lower your sales, but can totally cross out your movie from existence. So Weinsteins game plan was to make Quentin Tarantino, infamous creator the Kill excite series, which also happens to be the director of Grindhouse, face the debate with the MPAA (Bowles). Apparently, the board loves Tarantino, and preferably of giving the Grindhouse an NC-17 rating, they got an R with little trimming in the horror victimization film. Also, rating is even voluntary (The Classification and Rating Administration).Film makers can select not to get their movies rated, this is a freedom of choice. However if this is the case, why is it that almost all films are getting ratings when it isnt really a want? There are issues surrounding this statement. Some are saying that it is a taboo when a film is not rated, or unrated, mostly because unrated films are foreign films, obscure independent films, direct-to-video films, pornographic films, made -for-TV films, large format (IMAX) films, or documentaries that are not expected to play outside the art house market, films that are not going to hit the top ten street corner office sales any time soon (Medved).In addition to that, when a film is unrated, some cinemas of DVD stores do not sell them anymore, which is relate to lesser revenues (Bowles). Films rated NC-17 are also almost unable to sell, hence when a film gets this rating, the makers usually plea for a change in rating. The film makers and the MPAA members agree on a new rating, with a compromise. There would be more cuts and whatever else the MPAA board decides to do. This in itself is questionable. When a rating is made, the rating should stick.How can the organization prove to the parents their worthy is they accept negotiations? Ratings should be accustomed and they should be final. The NC-17 rating is most dreaded because not only will this cut your market in half, but will also make an impression already befo re it can be given the pretend to be seen and heard. There are currently five categories of MPAA ratings. First is the G rating, which means General Audiences-All Ages Admitted, the PG rating, Parental Guidance Suggested.Some Material May not Be Suitable For Children, PG-13 is Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some Material May Be Inappropriate For Children Under 13, next is the R rating, or Restricted, Under 17 Requires Accompanying Parent Or Adult Guardian and finally the NC-17 or No One 17 And Under Admitted rating (Valenti). Regardless of rating, children should be allowed to see works of art. Movie making is creativity at its best, for a targeted sense of hearing. I believe that movie makers should be given this freedom to stub out their art and their visions, how they see the world.And as their audience, people should be given the pass to see it and appreciate it, give the applause it deserves. Unfortunately, movie making has do a money making industry. Some independent films a re really worthy of the exposure, but because they are being crushed by the larger movie moguls, they cannot compete with it. The MPAA is even said to be biased towards the movie moguls in the industry (Medved). Eventually it will all boil down to choice. It is the movie makers choice to heed the advice of the MPAA and accept their ratings.It is the MPAA boards choice to give a rating to the movie. Most importantly, it is the audiences choice whether or not to see the film, whether or not to allow their children to watch it. Restrictions are just guidance, a reminder that on that point may be some issue or graphic scenes that the MPAA deem not suitable for such an audience, but it is still up to the parents to verify their final decision. Responsible parenthood can immediately and automatically piece down the tables for the MPAA or the movie industry itself.Nobody really has to be told about their morals, for it is subjective, it depends on the individual. The system at how movi es are rated is questionable, no doubt, but the way parents discipline their children is not. They can opt to allow their child to see R rated movies, and the consequences of such an act, may it be good or bad, is theirs for the taking. Works Cited Kaplan. The Basics. stark naked York Kaplan Publishing, 2007. Medved, Michael. R-Rated Movies Not A Good Investment For Hollywood. 2000. Texas A&M University. 10 declination 2008 . Questions & Answers Everything You Always Wanted To Know About The Movie Rating System. 2000. The Classification and Rating Administration. 10 December 2008 . Bowles, Scott. Debating the MPAAs mission. 2007. USA Today. 10 December 2008 . Valenti, Jack. How it all began. 2000. MPA. 10 December 2008 .

Bank Julius Baer Case Essay

Before the arrival and leadinghip of Stuart tenner ( tour), situate Julius Baer, North America (BJB-NA or the go with), the largest independently-owned European cliquish hope in the United States, faced financial difficulties. By mid-2001, a global market prevail overturn caused a peculiarityificant decline in Julius Baer aggroups (JB or the Parent) performance. In 2001, JBs stock legal injury was down by over 40% darn the Parent experience a 39% decline in net profits, 9% amplify in operating expenses and an increase of 14% in employee headcount.BJB-NA, the crown muffin of JB, was barely m superstarymaking tho no one inside the federation k new-fashioned its true financial condition. JB had always been led by a share of the Baer family until January 2001. Despite significant family ties at JB, BJB-NA did not earn a infrangible leader to drive the attach to. There was a lack of clear raft or direction for the beau monde. BJB-NA did not sharpen on profitability as a measurement of success. The attitude some BJB-NA was more almost retention the peace than creating any conflict or hostility. Even with a passive work environment, employee morale was low.Employees tended to blame different parts of the Company for their problems. The agonistic environment in the High Net Individual (HNI) mystic banking orbit increased dramatic entirelyy during the 1990s. BJB-NA was a boutique private bank in a line of work where bulge support firms dominated the competitive landscape. As such, the key factors for success in the HNI market were now recognized as variantiation (not cost lead), improved lymph gland relationship management, broad return range and hearty knob-responsiveness.BJB-NA strived to be a partner organization that differentiate itself from the competition by satisfying the needs of its customers. The breathing organization expression consisted of BJB-NA organized into four regionally-establish teams. Poor communicatio n existed throughout the Company as the staff didnt know what was going on and there was undersized cohesion among units. BJB-NA operated on a need to know nucleotide. Team leaders were not responsible for their own budgets, as it was not known if their teams were profitable or not. To further support the lack of accountability at BJB-NA, the Company did not have a agreementatic performance valuation carcass and lacked a compensation system tied to customer growth and returns. Bonuses were approximately guaranteed and all bonus decisions were made by Banks transcend leadership. Most likely, there were employees who flew under the radar if they underperformed since the Company never set(p) anyone off. passs Changes and Evaluation ten arrived at BJB-NA and immediately fixed out an action plan to turn around the Company. One of ecstasys best early moves was his selection of Denise Downey to head the Segmentation field of operations Team.Downey was well respected by the emplo yees that she led and was able to thoroughly appraise the organization and de broodr results to the Company and Adam. Based on the Segmentation Study, Adam wanted BJB-NA to really stand-behind its promises to be a partner organization. He support full transparency and a strong focus on measured results and accountability. Specifically, he focused on the following three opening nights Refocus the Company strategy Adam emphasized that BJB-NA shift its focus to Europeans, Asians, Canadians and Latin Americas who live outside the U. S. who had U. S. ground asset management needs.By targeting particular(prenominal) geographical and customer segments, it allowed the Company to specifically focus its strategy and resources sooner than dispersed itself too thin to satisfy a larger, diverse customer base. In addition, he asked some longstanding personal clients who were not profitable to pen up their accounts. Not only did this change the Companys customer focus, further also, it signaled to employees that Adam had confidence and high expectations for BJB-NA. Establish new performance expectations Adam developed productivity assumptions that would hold employees more accountable.He established measurable criteria related to carry value, relationships and accounts. Previously, Company employees truly did not know their clients. As a result, it was difficult for management to identify top and low performers. Adams established criteria that pushed Relationship Managers past their comfort zone. Before Adam took the helm at BJB-NA, almost everyone received bonuses regardless of their performance. Tying a bonus program with a building performance evaluation system incentivizes those who bring success and growth effectiveness to the Company.Modify the organization structure Adam slightly altered the structure of BJB-NA by having a client-segment focus within existing geographic areas. As such, the decision making processes were now decentralized to from each on e of the regional teams. Previously, the advisory and product services departments worked with all regions. After Adam took charge, he assigned advisory teams to each of the different regions to further strengthen customer relationships. Recommendations BJB-NA recognizes that its future success hinges on one important factor its clients.Our consulting firm wants the Company to further expand and shock its clients beyond what Adam has already planned. Our apostrophize is a client-centric strategy that focuses on two key initiatives (1) Aggressively recruiting top talent to enhance client acquisition and performance (2) Overhauling the compensation device and performance measures. Each initiative, tended to(p) by supporting tactics, exit align to elevate the client experience, resulting in deepening wallet share, increase warm referrals, and building the BJB-NA brand in supreme customer service. I.Recruiting the Right Talent. Recruiting the right people to manage and instruct BJB -NAs clients will be critical to sustaining long-term growth and increasing assets-under-management. Recruiting will align with the Companys geographic approach to partitioning by adopting three tactics Local talent recruitment a successful private banker needs an outgoing, service-orientated personality, and the ability to connect with emf and existing clients. In connecting with clients, it becomes mandatory that future private bankers will be recruited from topical anesthetic regions.This strategy will generate bankers who know the local customs and cultures, speak the language, and are refer in the community. As a result, it creates comfort and familiarity for potential clients. Recruit from bulge bracket private banks Company acquisition is not a feasible option at this time. However, employee/talent acquisition is an unconstipated better method to help improve the Company. Bulge bracket private banks are typically a part of much larger conglomerates, lots weighed dow n high-level corporate strategies and red tape. To attract bulge bracket private bankers, BJB-NA should promote an entrepreneurial environment that offers autonomy and flexibility while still offering resources found at larger firms.Recruit from ultra-boutique private banks BJB-NA should actively target private bankers from smaller, boutique firms that have larger books, but have a need for a more global reach. common soldier bank clients are becoming more global, and with that, have a specific need for banks that have an international presence. BJB-NA provides a solution with offices in Asia, Hesperian Europe, Eastern Europe, and the United States.At the same time, by aggressively recruiting boutique bankers, BJB-NA will be able to expand its presence by getting the books of these bankers who may have a strong presence in untapped markets within the targeted regions. II. Restructuring Compensation and Performance Measures BJB-NA should introduce a compensation scheme that will not only be more beneficial for holding clients interests stolon, but also offer higher potential incentives for the Companys bankers. First and foremost, bankers will be paid based on client portfolio performance. No one will be paid on the basis of commission.While this tactic may seem counter-intuitive in the short-term, peculiarly in the midst of a struggling economy, it acknowledges BJB-NAs long-term commitment to its clients. separate positive externalities resulting from a new compenstation structure include differentiation from competition, potential referrals from clients, and attention to BCB-NAs innovative thinking. In short, BJB-NAs message is We nominate money only when our clients make money. Second, standard annual bonuses will be foregone. Employees would be accountable for their performance and compensated accordingly.BJB-NA will incentivize bankers by the value they add to their clients and related portfolio performances. This compensation structure ultimately rewards bankers who postulate of their clients and strive to grow their assets under management. Finally, BJB-NA should revise the place title of its company leaders. To accurately reflect the duties of the position, the title Team Leader should be changed to Managing coach (MD). MDs would have full P&L and people-management responsibilities of his/her individual branch. In addition, MDs could receive an additional bonus based on the branchs bottom-line performance.This change will push decision-making down to MD level, promoting entrepreneurship and autonomy. III. Management and Leadership Since Adam decided to resign from his position as the leader of BJB-NA, it is vital for the Board of Directors to select a alternate that will be able to implement the changes initiated under Adams tenure. As discussed, BJB-NA needs to aggressively put its clients before anything else in its business. The new substitution should be an experienced professional who deeply understands the Com panys clients and industry.Taking these requirements into consideration, we recommend that the Board of Directors pick Adams successor from a list of internal scenes only. Currently, the firm is in a farming of fragility. Employees are stressed and morale is low. With the initial round of layoffs that included six people, any move will be highly scrutinized and may have a long-term impact on the organization. Employees were already caught off guard duty with Adams resignation, especially after he led the restructuring efforts at an off-site meeting that seemed to build positive momentum.To replace Adams with an external candidate may put the Company in a state of flux. An external candidate would not have attended the restructuring meetings and participated in the Segmentation Study. He/she may have different views of how the organization should be changed. In addition, the HNI private banking industry is built around relationships. To bring on a new leader who hasnt built a stron g rapport with a majority of the Companys clients would make the leadership transition a difficult process. One potential internal candidate BJB-NA should consider is Denise Downey.Downey is currently the Head of U. S. Domestic Clients, but more importantly she led the Segmentation Study that evaluated areas of improvement needed at BJB-NA. Employees viewed Downey as a strong, effective leader who always delivers results. As a sign of trust, Adam gave Downey significant autonomy during her time leading the study. Elevating Downey to the C-suite level would be a fairly seamless transition. Downey has significant experience understanding the backup of BJB-NA since she already leads U. S. client group.With all of the client-focused changes that need to be implemented by Adam, Downey will be best candidate to effectively communicate the stairs needed during the transition period. For example, during her time as the Segmentation Study leader, Downey took the initiative to send updates to the entire bank. Alternate Approaches Deviating from a client-centric strategic plan could negatively impact BCB-NAs future success. Nonetheless, two other alternate approaches were considered. The first approach considered a compensation system where bankers would be paid covariant commissions based on fee-based transactions.The variable in commissions would depend on the grapheme of investment vehicles clients would invest in. This viable approach guarantees cash flows from transactions with no dramatic culture change. However, after careful consideration, this alternative was rejected since bankers would be incentivized more by selling a diversity of investment vehicles to clients rather than working for clients best interests. The second approach considered but rejected involved an overhaul of the organization structure.After the Segmentation findings, Adam seemed adamant about moving away from the geographic-focused organizational structure of the Company. As such, an alte rnative approach considered was to eliminate geographic departments and implement an organizational structure focused on client-type. One of the key success factors for companies in the private banking industry is to customize services based on the needs of customers. A BJB-NA client-focused structure based on client characteristics (such as wealth, age, income level) may be more advantageous, especially with raised expectations now required by Adam on bankers book of clients.Additionally, within a geographic organization, conflict may occur surrounded by local regional management and the executives at corporate. As such, this may transgress the opportunity for knowledge sharing and collaboration, values emphasized by the Baer family. However, as much as a client-focused structure might have its advantages, a geographic organizational structure still is the most effective for BJB-NA. dialogue is much more personal in geographic organizational structures. preferably of calling or videoconferencing with olleagues across the globe, it forces employees to sit next to each other to form collaborative teams, values preached by the Baer family. In addition, it allows employees to understand each others personalities and work styles. Besides the human capital element, geographic work teams allow BJB-NA to hire leaders familiar with the local business environment, something vital for the relationship-focused private banking industry. Not only will employees understand the client better but the clients will be more comfortable around employees who share similar interests and culture.

Ramji Bhai Vasava Essay

G.H.Patel Post ammonia alum Institute of Business Management, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Anand In the undivided Bombay province was worked out to haoma earthen decameters and problems faced while building a dam across the rivers Lokmata and Sadmata in northern Gujarat and further issues encountered while a scheme is do to raise the control levels of it. The objective of the case is to maximize the irrigation potential of the dam while respecting the religious sentiments of the people. The options are either to implement the former intend in its present form or the latter by convince the people of its benefits and deal with the issues faced. The conclusion is to try and implement the new formulate resulting in maximization of irrigation and revenues. PROPOSAL 1 PROPOSAL 2 grating cost 1.7 Approximate cost 1.9 Water confiscate 4700 Water impound 5700 Full supply level -592 Full supply level-595 Highest flood out level-596 highest flood level-606 OBJECTIVES* Government aim for sparing development through agricultural development. * base the damPROBLEM* Opposition of people to temple getting settle* People getting stirred due to submerge of villagesCONSTRAIN* locating of damCRITERIA* Maximum irrigation* borderline people affected* Maximum returns* Minimum time* Minimum costPRIORITY* Minimum people affected* Minimum cost* Minimum time* Minimum returns* Maximum irrigationALTERNATIVES* convince villages to shift temple* Resettlement of affected people* Raising crown of the templeACTION PLANGovernment should follow proposal 1 as temple was saved using gates from flood so that minimum people are affected so the cost incurred is as well low and the time required is minimum and also there is irrigation which leads to economic development. CONTINGENCY PLAN* Raising height of the temple* Go with proposal 2 if proposal 1 does not work

In the Devil’s Snare Essay

There gather in been s incessantlyal interpretations of the capital of Oregon witchcraft Crisis of 1692. ilk every issue that has come up, everyone has their own take on it. bloody shame Beth Norton chose to gear up out her version of the witchcraft trials in her book, In the beats Snare. It is a tremendously ambitious book. Throughout the book, Norton is trying to destroy out connections among the experiences of settlers in Maine, the accusations of the afflicted in Salem, and the actions and decisions of the colony leaders.Ill admit, I dont know much about the Salem Witchcraft Trials, if anything at all. I had the choice of reading The Crucible in high school, but I turned it down and chose to read a different book. Therefore, I really had not choice but to study Norton when she said that her approach to examining the witchcraft crisis was a new one. Instead of smell at events case-by-case, she starts at the very beginning (the first whisper of an accusation) and moves chro nologically through the entire episode. When it was needed, Norton would pause to add background information.Mary Beths point of view of the Salem Witchcraft Crisis is that it all was triggered by from the results of the Indian warfares. She believes that the only way this crisis could be understood, is if you looked at the military conflict between the English settlers and the Native Americans from that region. By the specific attention paid to Tituba, Martha Corey, and Abigail Hobbs, Norton shows how these individuals contributed to the linkage between the witchcraft crisis and the military conflict with the natives. In my opinion, I debate Nortons conclusion should have been put at the start. This is where she explains her thesis, which was that witchcraft crisis of 1692 was in large part a reaction to King Philips War and King Williams War, clearly and concisely. Mary Beth does a good chore at connecting the participants to the Wars however I dont think shes very convincing w hen it came to showing how the lack of military and leadership in the war was a driving force to the creation of the Salem Witchcraft Trials.Mary Beth Nortons, In The Devils Snare, was very well write piece of literature. I commend her on stepping outside of what other authors had create verbally about and creating her own version of the Salem WitchCraft Crisis of 1692. Norton has a self-coloured heart and soul of supporting material that shes gotten from other sources. The amount of the inquiry involved to write her 304 page book is quite impressive and is in the end breathtaking. I can only imagination how magazine consuming it was to lay out all the researched material and piece it together with her side of things. further the thought of management needed to piece this book together gives me a headache.However, all this information did make the book less interesting to me. To be honest, I dont think Ive ever picked up a book that had 86 pages of endnotes It made the book a drag on because I had to continuously keep flipping back and fore between the tarradiddle itself, and the side notes. Sometimes a reader can get international with skipping the end notes however, I felt it was necessary to going back and forth because if I didnt, I dont think I would have understood most of it. Sometimes Nortons side notes helped clarify what I was reading.All in all, In The Devils Snare was a decent book. I dont think I ever found it really interesting at any point, nor was there a place that made me want to keep reading and not commove the book aside for a little. My adviseation to others would be limited. This isnt a book I would recommend to those that want something to read in their dissolve time. I feel like all of her background information, and the tedious amount of flipping back and forth would put many people to sleep. I had a hard time reading more than 30 pages at a time I think the only people I would recommend this book to would be those who tak e certain interest in this time frame of history. I think this would be a book theyd like, just because its given at a different angle.

Varying representations, interpretations of and attitudes towards death

Murderous, entrenched, complex the Yankee Ireland conflict seems to defy rational discourse. But from the contradictions and tensions has sprung some remarkable art, non least the poe show of the Troubles, now widely recognised as among the approximately vibrant contemporary writing in the English language.Through the sextuplet poems work forcetioned the theme of death is very prominent. We start with Tollund globe and Grauballe Man. In these two poems Heaney portrays the deaths as a tragedy, exclusively opposed to his other poems, he notes hear in the first place to the physical appearance of the bodies.In Tollund Man he starts the poem with a very vivid, striking description of the reasoning(a)box, and expresses his desired pilgrimage. Heaney focus mainly on the period afterwards death in this poem and describes how its tremendous preservation has made it seem to contract one with the earth she tightened her torc on him. Heaney seems in awe of the corpse, which after death the body has taken on a Christ like appearance I could risk swearing. This death does not have any direct relation, as such, to Heaney, and and thence does not have the selfsame(prenominal) sort of heartfelt mourning. None the slight Heaney still seems to care greatly for this Bog body and elaborates on the configuration in which the body was found. He uses these de bottoms to create himself his own horizontal sur grammatical construction of their life-time leading up to their gruesome murder. In the last department of this poem Heaney refers to the sad freedom that comes with death, and how now he provide be grouped as a statistic with Bog bodies found in the diverse other locations. The Tollund Man now has his freedom, moreover at a full(prenominal) price. Heaney finishes with a personal reference to his own sadnessI will feel lost, unhappy, and at homeHere he is referring (as he does in a number of his poems) to the military unit in Northern Ireland, to ground how he has become disposed to death.Similarly in Grauballe Man Heaney describes the body as if it has become one with the earth. As with party an(prenominal) poets Heaney agrees that there is a very well run between sleep and death. Here the Grauballe ManLies on a pillow of turf and seems to weepHeaney personifies the lifeless body, describing him as if asleep he continues this and lets the bodies take on other animal qualities his spine an eel arrested but he maintains its peaceful image. Again here he uses vivid imagery the volcano of his of his slashed throat that has tanned and toughened to convey the way in which this almost angelic body lays. He does not want to refer to the body as a corpse and he asks the rhetorical forefront Who will say corpse to his vivid cast? Similarly to the Tollund man prone the body a to a greater extent holy image than simply a rotting corpse. By the end of the poem Heaney has become familiar to the body and answers to himself his rhetorica l question. Heaney draws up the conclusion that there is a fine farm animal between beauty and atrocity. He uses blunt, monosyllabic intelligence agency sounds such as slashed and dumped to represent the jolty reality of the world and what man has turned it into. cosmos used to death is something that has influenced a lot of Heaneys poems. This is an incredibly sad poem. The whim is set almost immediately in the second line determine bells knelling classes to a close. Notice how Heaney uses assonance and alliteration to emphasise the funereal sound of the bells and the feeling of time dragging. The stanza begins with the morning in line one but it is two oclock in line three showing that hours have passed in waiting. The second stanza begins with the image of Heaneys don crying. Having come across Heaneys father in poems such as Follower in which he appears to be a strong man of few words, this contrary picture evokes virile emotion in the reader. Heaney skilfully takes the r eader with him as he enters the nominate through the porch we meet his father, Big Jim Evans, the baby in its pram, the old men congregated in the room and finally Heaneys mother coughing out angered tearless sighs.Lines 14-15 again show Heaney using assonance, this time in his repeating of the short a At, ambulance, arrived, stanched, and, bandaged emphasising the stopping short of origin and life. We learn in the sixth stanza that Heaney hadnt seen his brother for six weeks having been Away at school. The words Paler now, hang at the end of the stanza do a sad pause before the sentence continues and describes how little changed in appearance the boy is in death, the difference creation his paler complexion and poppy flog. The final line stands out on its own. Almost every word is emphasised so that the reader must take in the lines core and the shock and deep grief that the family must have felt. There is an fixings of shock for the reader reading it for the first time also, when they discover who has died and that he was a mere four years old.Again in Funeral Rites it is a person close to Heaney who has died. In this poem Heaney describes him self as being very close to the deceased, playing the part of the pallbearer, he uses here a double entendre as he shoulders a kind of manhood as he is only a baby bird. As in The Tollund Man and The Grauballe Man Heaney begins with a vivid description of the body with its dough white pass on and igloo brows. Heaney uses phrases such as the black glacier of all(prenominal) funeral pushed away to demonstrate how darkness is synonymous with death. In the second function of this poem, Heaney also cin one casentrates on the period straight after death as in Mid-Term push through. However here he focuses on the funeral procession linking it again with the force out in Northern IrelandNow as news comes inof each neighbourly murderwe pine for ceremony,customary rhythmsHeaney shows he has become accustomed to death and how the formalities after death are simply for show. Heaney, once again, creates a devout atmosphere in the second section describing the delay moving procession paying their respect. He personifies the funeral procession as it drags its tail morbidly through the streets and side roads of Ireland.In the last section Heaney brings together the themes of his own tykehood experience of death, deaths in the north at present and the death of Gunnar, a Viking hero dead by violence and unavenged. This demonstrates the futile waste of life conflict has caused over many centuries, and sending a powerful message to the reader.In the poem oblivion Heaney touches on the controversial subject of Religion. Heaney casually introduces the subject of the poem, with a newspaper style headlineFishermen at BallyshannonNetted an infant last darknessAlong with the salmonHe tags on the end of the first to line-along with the salmon making it sound as if it is nothing out of the ordinary. following this he concentrates on the actual death of the bastard baby, murdered by his own mother for the sake of religious beliefs. Heaney describes how the baby was rejected by its mother and discarded, although not without feelingHe was a minnow with hooksTearing her open.This shows how strong some peoples convictions really are, and how they are prepared to die, or to kill for them. He uses vivid imagery and descriptive language to try and out across the pain, emotion, and brutality of the situation. The mother has to choose her baby or her religion, and being a strict Christian chooses Catholicism and drowns her own child ironically in contrast with the teachings of the bible. He ands mentioning the place where the body of the child now lays, in some far briny zone where the water supply is too harsh Even Christs palms, unhealed, Smart and cannot fish there.The last poem, Casualty, is more of a story than the others are. It describes an elderly man who is a local customer a t a bar in Ireland. He is fond of a drink but is able to control him self and maintain dignity. He is content to sit at a bar and watch life go by him. Out of respect he attempts to speak of poetry, but is clearly not at ease with this, so Heaney changes the subject. Although he is succinct he has a great presence, but his confidence eventually leads to his downfall, and this is how Heaney builds up emotion in the reader. He presents a figure that he describes in great detail and becomes attached to. This man does not think he should have to obey a curfew and is killed out on the street. Heaney describes how graffiti on the wall compares lives to goals in a football match. Heaney demonstrates his emotion in the harsh situation, and provokes emotion in the reader by creating a very solemn mood.In the second section Heaney moves on from this particular case to the common brutality in the Ireland conflict. He uses phrases such as coffin after coffin and common funeral to demonstrate how, tragically, death and violence have become an accepted part of life. Heaney then goes back to the solemn story of the man from the bar, who was simply carrying out his usual routine. He did not think he should be confined to his home for someone elses evils. This shows how the killings were not discriminate and he was simply in the wrong place at the wrong time.Heaney then goes on to say how he did not attend the funeral, but pickably reminisces on his times spent with the man. Heaney seems to find falsehood in funerals, and would prefer to sit in isolation and think back to the time when he tasted freedom with him. Now the man is free and has no longer to face the arduous tasks of life, or the harshness of man.Throughout Heaneys poems he expresses his distaste of mans cruelty towards their own species. Heaney expresses his views on the futility of violence with inspiring confidence. In each of his poems he manages to use many different literary devices and provokes thought and emotion in the reader. His language is poignant and yet not aggressive and at the same time he is presenting a very valid set of arguments.

Clyne’s Revision of Grice’s Maxims Essay

Grices axioms have been criticised for being too Anglo-centric. Michael Clyne proposes revisions to the four maxims in his 1994 book Inter pagan Communication at Work. Do Clynes revisions of this model go far enough in universally accounting for inter cultural conversation? wherefore or why non?Grices General Cooperative prescript has been under continuous debate for the past three decades. It is of importly through the maxims that Grices paradigm has been challenged as risquely ethnocentric, as yet much(prenominal) readings whitethorn tend to take the maxims too literally rather than as extension points for linguistic dialogue interchange (Allan as cited in Clyne, 1994, p. 11). There is some in verbaliseect in this, save as suggested by Mey (1994, p. 74), the article of faith and maxims argon incessantly defined relative to a particular polish. It is this idea of cultural determine be intercourse that has caused the contention of Grices cooperative principle and its subordinate maxims. M each linguists (Keenan, 1976 Wierzbicka, 1985 Clyne, 1994 Bowe & Martin, 2007) have criticised Grices Maxims for being too ethnocentric claiming that its assumptions ar based on Anglo-Saxon norms and stopping point.This Anglo-centric nature is problematic for intercultural communication as the maxims argon inapplicable to many cultural values systems videlicet European and S popheast Asian cultures where uniformity, respect and restraint play a cardinal role (Clyne, 1994, p. 192). In an examine to better reflect intercultural conversation, Clyne (1994) has proposed a set of revised maxims to make Grices principles more universal. His revision of Grices model certainly accounts for a wider variety of contexts and cultures, however it cannot be give tongue to to universally account for intercultural conversation. As conversation is unique to its context and participants, in sureity no single opening could universally embody real life language use. A lthough people of all backgrounds generally do contr operation to facilitate successful communication (if it doesnt conflict with their purpose or cultural values), factors unique to each participant can affect any given conversation. Thus, it can be said that turn individuals are garnered by their culture and environment, discourse patterns pull up stakes always be influenced by somebodyality factors (Watts, 1991) and pragmatic and intercultural competence.On the surface, Grices cooperative principle seems to contribute littledifficulty for intercultural synopsis its degree of uncertainty is certainly give up for discussions of cultural diversity. Making a contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or heraldic bearing of the talk exchange in which you are engaged (Grice, 1975, p. 45) seems to allow for the word meaning of distinguishable purposes and requirements in several(predicate) contexts, and does not exclude the in fluence of norms associated with a variety of different speech communities. Although intercultural analysis was not Grices main concern, he has defined the discourse of his cooperative principle as conjunct enterprises that allow a high degree of diversity in the motivations underlying quite meagre rough-cut objectives (1989 369). Grice himself makes no explicit claims of universality, using characteristically modest language to refer to a first approximation of a general principle (1989 26).He is extremely careful not to inflate the case for cooperation suggesting that each participant recognizes in them (talk exchanges), to some extent, a common purpose, or at least a mutually accepted snap (1989, p. 26). It should be pointed out however, that Grices maxims depict an idealised and simplified language use, whereas reality is much more complex and multi-dimensional. In everyday conversations, cogent the entire fairness might be seen as impolite or inappropriate in certain cul tures. There also tend to be intercultural differences that do not always follow a universal principle. around cultures and languages (i.e. Chinese) often dictate that their speakers use indirect speech in conversation, which bureau they are unable to follow Grices maxims of quantity and manner.In such cases, there is a clash surrounded by Grices maxims and the pragmatic rules of conversation, which are culturally sensitive. For manakin, when being strained a drink, a typical Chinese person would automatically say no the first time, while expecting the offer to be made at least two or three propagation more. This resembles a kind of phatic language communication saying no, but not really meaning no. In this sort of concomitant, if someone doesnt adhere to the cultural norm choosing to follow Grices maxims instead, then they would give way odd and out of place.The preceding(prenominal) example demonstrates that Grices maxims arent applicable in all contexts as they clash w ith certain cultural values systems. Many linguists(Clyne, 1994 Hymes, 1986 Loveday, 1983 Walsh, 2009) have picked up on this discrepancy between theory and data, claiming that the maxims are only relevant to the English speaking Western world. In particular, Clyne (1994) has pointed out that they have limited relevance to cultures where content and knowledge are core values. For example, speakers of Malagasy, whose form of co-operation seems to consist in making their contributions as opaque, elusive and non-perspicuous as achievable (Keenan as cited in Mey, 1994, p. 74) could be seen as flouting the Maxim of Quantity.This is because information, especially new information gives the holder a certain measurement of prestige, thus Malagasy people tend to use indirect, evasive language. It is obvious then, that environmental factors, social interaction and cultural norms need to be considered when interpreting informal implicature. This is reinforced by Hymes (1986), who notes tha t Grice was correct in assuming that any culture will have some sort of orientation towards telling the truth (quality), being informative (quantity), staying on topic (relation), and being clear (manner), but that this orientation and how it is articulated cannot be assumed to be the same in all cultures. It is necessary then to recognize that each language and/or culture will have its own settings for each of the maxims (Bowe & Martin, 2007).In an attempt to reduce the cultural bias of Grices maxims, Clyne (1994) has proposed revisions to the four maxims (quantity, quality, relation, manner) by considering different cultural norms and expectations. An example of this is the modification of the maxim of quality so that it reads do not say what you believe to be in opposition to your cultural norms of truth, harmony, charity, and/or respect. This revision accounts for situations in which the hearer whitethorn not call for to respond truthfully in order to preserve face or harmony ( Lakoff, 1973). This cultural value of harmony is especially prevalent in Chinese and Vietnamese cultures. Nguyen (1991) claims that communalism and collectivism has enforced harmony as a central cultural value in the Vietnamese people. Because of this emphasis on harmonious relations, Vietnamese frequently utilise ambiguous communication behaviours in order to avoid conflict. Although this language use could flout one or more of Grices maxims, by introducing cultural parameters such as truth, harmony and face, Clynes (1994) revisions can better account forintercultural conversation.Clynes (1994) revised maxims for intercultural analysis certainly have more regard for the communicative patterns of non-English cultures however, they dont altogether meet the needs of intercultural communication. In intercultural communication a high level of pragmatic competence is central to an interlocutors performance. As Thomas (1984) points out, it is usually the differences in pragmatic competen ce that are problematic in intercultural conversation. Furthermore, it is possible to have achieved a very high level of linguistic proficiency, while having a relatively low level of socio-pragmatic proficiency. This can result in speakers using a language, which for some reason is deemed inappropriate, incomprehensible or veritable(a) offensive (Thomas, 1984). This will be demonstrated by the following exampleAn Australian manager has been reassigned to the Athens office of his organization and is assigned a Greek secretary. On a daily basis, he assigns depart to her by using conventional indirect requests such as Could you type this letter? One day, she complains to a colleague, I wish he would just tell me what to do instead of asking me. After all, hes the impress and Im here to do what he wants.In the above example, we have a mixture of assumptions closely the rights and obligations of two parties in a relationship characterized by asymmetrical distribution of power, and t he way this power will be exercised and acknowledged. The Australian emboss attends to the face wants of his secretary by attempting to play down the power distance between the two. This is done by the use of address strategies that seemingly give the subordinate the option not to perform a requested act Could you type this letter? Thomas (1995, p. 161) observes that allowing options (or giving the appearance of allowing options) is absolutely central to Western notions of ingenuity.An Australian secretary would presumptively know that a direct, on-record refusal of this request would be face threatening to her boss as well as threatening to her own job. She could potentially lend oneself indirect refusal strategies (i.e. hints), which would avoid on record refusal andsustain the appearance of harmony. As Green (cited in Thomas, 1995, p. 147) points out the speaker is really only termination through the motions of offering options or showing respect for the addressees feel ings. The offer may be a facade, the options nonviable, and the respect a sham. It is the fact that an lying-in was made to go through the motions at all that makes the act an act of politeness.It is clear that in this example the two parties have not save negotiated a shared set of norms. The secretary acknowledges and accepts the power difference between herself and her boss. She is dependent on him for work, and she accepts that he has the right to tell her to carry out various secretarial duties. To her, the Australian boss seems insincere when he requests her to do something for him, because as far as she is concerned, the power relationship admits no options. That is she does not interpret the deference that her boss displays towards her as an act of politeness. There are obviously socio-pragmatic differences between the two parties. The Australian boss has carried his socio-pragmatic norms into the Greek setting, where they misuse the expectations of his Greek subordinate. Each party is defining and acting within the situation differently.Despite this, their encounters are not entirely unsuccessful the boss makes requests for work that the secretary completes. However, the Greek secretary feels dissatisfied with her bosss politeness strategies. It can be said that neither party is completely interculturally competent. That is communication in a culturally competent way requires interlocutors to learn about the ways culture influences communicative utterances of individuals concerned. After all, if the secretary constantly doubts the sincerity of her boss, the relationship is threatened. And if the boss is unaware of the effects of this, he may image a rude awakening in the near future.Based on what has been discussed, it can be concluded that Grices maxims cannot be taken as absolute rules this would be neither right nor practicable. Language is not as clear-cut as mathematical formulas it frequently integrates with culture and society. Thus cultu ral and pragmatic considerations are vital to successful intercultural communication. Moreover, linguistic competency may not always cause a breakdown incommunication very often when language form and cultural norm clash, culture supersedes language form. Clynes (1994) revisions of the conversational maxims better reflect cultural variation, however they do not universally account for intercultural communication.The examples aforementioned demonstrate that factors such as pragmatic and intercultural competence also play a key role. Intercultural communication then becomes something that is negotiated at local level by participants, involving mutual adaptation. Difficulties may arise, of course, in the process of negotiation through limitations in the socio-pragmatic and strategic competence of some or all participants. After all, there are individual differences in these competencies, and as Agar (1994) points out, we have to remember that in any intercultural conversation, its pers ons not cultures that are in contact.ReferencesAgar, M. (1994). The intercultural frame. In International daybook of Intercultural Relations 18/2221-237.Bowe, H. J. & Martin, K. (2007). Communication across cultures Mutual understanding in a global world. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Clyne, M. (1994). Inter-cultural Communication at Work Cultural Values in Discourse. Cambridge Cambridge University PressGrice, H. P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics 3 Speech Acts. New York Academic Press.Grice, P. (1989). Studies in the Way of Words. London Harvard University Press.Hymes, D. H. (1986). Discourse Scope without depth. In International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 57, 49-89.Keenan, E. O. (1976). On the universality of conversational implicatures.Language in Society 5.67-80.Lakoff, R. (1973). The logic of politeness, or minding your ps and qs. In Papers from the Ninth regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. 292-305.Loveday, L. (1983). Rhetoric patterns in conflict The sociocultural relativity of discourse organizing processes. In Journal of Pragmatics, 7, 169-90.Mey, J. (1994). Pragmatics. An Introduction. Oxford Blackwell.Thomas, J. (1984) Cross-cultural discourse as unequal encounter Toward a pragmatic analysis. In Applied Linguistics, 5(2), 226-235. Thomas, J. (1995). importee in Interaction. An Introduction to Pragmatics. Harlow /Munich Longman. Walsh, M. (2009). Some neo-Gricean maxims for aboriginal Australia. Retrieved from http//www.aiatsis.gov.au/research/docs/alw/Walsh09.pdf (accessed 22/10/2013) Watts, R. J. (1991). Power in family discourse. Berlin Mouton. Wierzbicka, A. (1991). Cross-Cultural Pragmatics. Berlin Mouton de GruyterWierzbicka, A. (1985). Different cultures, different languages, different speech acts. In Journal of Pragmatics 9.145-78.

Emily Dickinson Essay

Emily Dickinsons meter I resembling the look of distortion focuses peoples attention on great suffering and death. I personally find it to be cold and thoroughly cruel so far naturally truthful. Contrary to what it may seem, liking the look of agony is not a sadistic manner. It artistically implies how people respond to emotional sufferings and philiaache. The meter itself shows the dramatic device of literature, which could be one way of showing her uniqueness and weirdness entertaining herself to go beyond the social norm.The author puts the execration I like the look of agony at the beginning not because she likes looking to people who is in agony but rather, she is just having the pictorial interest of the way we absorb emotional sufferings, pain and the agony in particular when death of a love one occurs. And it is so surprising to the reader to read the first line being so direct with extreme cruelty. Different emotions occurs and may be distiled inappropriately whe n we come to pick knocked out(p) that death is unavoidable. Some people t extirpate to supremacy their emotions and try to nonplus a full power on them.They feel comfortable out of it. It is called defense mechanism. Refer to the second line, which I personally believe that it is the heart of the poem, Because I know its true. She must take a shit gotten a jalopy of untrue looks and hated them because she was a painfully shy and homely woman. We trick speculate that the untrue looks are looks of interest or even draw play to her looks of friendship, admiration and love. She doesnt trust all those things, only the agony of dying, spare Anguish -the personification of love.We know that most people often idolize death, whereas we should be aware of the fact that everyone of us will come to an end and death is close to us. Suffering does not claim to be associated with fear. We have to perceive that death is an event and its happening to everyone of us. We just have to stand and be prepared to face it. Agony is somewhat like having a pubic louse. How an excruciating pain of someone who is suffering from severe cancer feels like. This is the moment were we can be genuinely honest on how we truly feels. We dont assume or pretend, but just await the moment and dont even know how to gain control of it.None of us can deceive the physical appearance to go along an agony. In my view, death is something that we have to be prepared. It is unstoppable and beyond anyones control. We just have to accept that each one of us is uncertain when coming to an end. Lastly, I agree with what the author has trying to range us, to be ready to face the last pace of life death. Analyzing this poem of Dickinson is one way of seeing the positive look of agony and death, which is to express the deepest emotions on a highly emotional incident involving the lost of someone.

A History of African Music Essay

Music Essay African music grow start in ein truth aspect of society. Their culture is formed from on that point environment hunting but mostly on their tradition. Their music reflects this non only is it entertaining it serves as a way to pass familiarity and stories to the next generation. African music has a variety of different instruments that they drill throughout their songs. Music in African culture also has very strong spiritual and religious meanings. The recent history of African musical influence has played a large part in encourage the current trend toward African musical appreciation.During the 1950s, when the Africans experienced rapid urbanization and a relatively booming economy, the two French-speaking colonies of the Congo subject area witnessed the birth of an African version of the Cuban rumba played by small American-style orchestras. Some artists that are African are Afro-National, Khaled Agag, Eric Agyeman, and Mahmoud Ahmed. Other than use their voic es, which has been developed to use various techniques, they use a encompassing rank of musical instruments are used. African musical instruments acknowledge a wide range of drums, slit gongs, rattles, double bells, and melodic instruments including string instruments.Other percussion section instruments include many rattles and shakers, such as the kosika, rain stick, bells and wood sticks. Also, Africa has lot of other types of drums, and lots of flutes, and lots of stringed and wind instruments. The traditional tribal African music has deep meaning in its lyrics along with its rhythm and beat, its lyrics very much tell of struggles, religion, and day to day life. The Africans would perform rituals to try to please the gods, these rituals would include music made by the high priest the instruments used would be tribal drums and a rain stick. The lyrics would be similar to Christian hymns in our modern culture

Movies with Character Disorders

ilFilm Review Paper This course tries to cover how psychology and defective behavior is often covered by the media. Sometimes life imitates nontextual matter just as art often imitates life. For better or worse, hostels understanding of mental illness is strongly influenced by media. Nonetheless, it allows for the ascertain of disorders, their etiology, and their diagnosis. For this paper, you are to choose a character from a moving-picture show on the list below and write a case description that includes a multi-axial DSM-IV diagnosis. The paper should be 2-3 pages and include the following a.Background This can include learning well-nigh the characters family, social, medical, academic, and occupational history as healthy as notable demographic information. b. Clinical Observations You should include information about the presenting problem, current symptoms, and current social functioning. c. Diagnosis This should be multi-axial and based on the 5 Axes of the DSM-IV. d. Dis cussion Explain, using evidence from various sources (textbook, DSM, and one former(a) reliable source), supporting evidence of your main ( axis I and/or Axis II) diagnosis.Additionally, discuss you differential diagnosis, that is, the other diagnoses you considered and why they were ruled out from your last-place diagnosis. e. Evaluation Please conclude your paper by evaluating the accuracy of the movies depiction of the abnormal behavior/diagnosis based on what you have learned about the disorder. You can earn up to 50 points and grading is based on an evaluation rubric available on the course website on Blackboard. If you hope to choose a movie not on this list, it mustiness first be approved by me. Everyone must submit their choice of film by the beginning of class on September 27.Final papers will be due November 20. A picturesque Mind (2001) Adaptation (2002) American Beauty (1999) American Psycho (2000) As Good As It Gets (1997) Aviator, The (2004) Bad Santa (2003) Black S wan (2010) Born on the Fourth of July (1989) Boys Dont Cry (1999) Clean and Sober (1988) impersonator (1995) Deer Hunter, The (1978) Hours, The (2002) House of Sand and Fog (2003) Falling Down (1994) portentous Attraction (1987) Fight Club (1999) Fisher King, The (1991) Forrest Gump (1994) Full Metal chapiter (1987) Girl, Interrupted (1999) Identity (2003) Iron Lady, The (2011) K-Pax (2001) Leaving Las Vegas (1995)Little Miss Sunshine (2006) prospicient Days Journey into Night (1962) Machinist, The (2004) Matchstick Men (2003) Memento (2001) Midnight beef man (1969) Monsters Ball (2002) Notebook, The (2004) Ordinary People (1980) Primal care (1996) Psycho (1960) Rain Man (1993) Red Dragon (2002) Requiem for a Dream (2000) Royal Tenenbaums, The (2001) Shine (1996) Shutter Island (2010) Silence of the Lambs (1991) Single color Female (1992) Sybil (1976) Talented Mr. Ripley, The (1999) Taxi Driver (1976) Three Faces of Eve, The (1957) Trainspotting (1996) Vertigo (1958) When a Man Loves a Woman (1994))

Philosophy Essay Essay

Alan Chalmers, a British-Australian philosopher of erudition and scoop-selling author, suggests a joint view of experience by which scientific familiarity is reliable and objectively be familiarity that is derived from facts of experience, experimental procedure and utterances. This essay aims to discuss the problems that atomic number 18 likely to be highlighted by a Popperian hypothetico-deductivist when confronted with Chalmers adverse views on the rigour of the scientific regularity. Both Alan Chalmers and Karl Popper renowned for the development of hypothetico-deductivist/ defenceist account of science bet the two major, contradictory theories ( untruth and proof) regarding the functionality of science. I will be structuring my argument round these two models and the several complications surrounding the inductivists account of science that ar seemingly solved by Poppers alternative.In order to get into a thorough understanding of the topic being discussed, le t me translate an introduction to inductivism, the issues raised by this method and the falsificationist account that aimed to solve these issues.Introduced by Ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle (5th century BC), induction is a process that begins with the observation of natural phenomena and ends with the assembly of a scientific law to describe the command regularity of said phenomena. This transcendent process was accepted within the scientific community for centuries yet the basis of Aristotles method relies entirely on human power to simply observe natural phenomena, see a pattern and make observational statements. If there were to exist a monumental number of observational statements that were repeated under several varying mint in which no conflicting observation was made, these observational statements could then be promoted to universal or generalised statements that refer to alone events of a item kind given certain conditions (SCIE1000 Lectures Notes, 2014).Now t o address the problems associated with this account of the scientific method that might be pinpointed by hypothetico-deductivists when confrontedwith Chalmers view the problem of induction, the questionable objectivity of this method and whether it can provide any certainty round laws that govern our conception.Chalmers states that, scientific knowledge is reliable knowledge because it is objectively screenn knowledge (Chalmers, 1976). Due to the fact that inductive evidences are based on observations of natural phenomena, a crucial speculation of the uniformity of spirit which cannot be proven must be made, meaning that there is always dwell for contradictory evidence to arise. Similarly, the problem of induction refers to the inability to classify knowledge gained by inductive methods as either a priori (logical or numerical reasoning, requiring no previous worldly experience) or a posteriori (requires some knowledge of worldly happenings) as the former would be an uninf ormed, irrational statement and the latter(prenominal) would require knowledge of every possible happening in the universe in order to justify the law at hand.For this reason, there is absolutely no certainty provided by this process, as there is always the prospect that future contradictory observations may deem any inductive evidence invalid. The weakened principle of inductive inference then states that, at best, the inductivist method gives a probability of an event occurring given specific circumstances (SCIE1000 Lectures Notes, 2014). Chalmers as well foolhardyly claims that his common view of science is unquestionably objective and that hazardous imaginings play no role in this process however, there is lucid subjectivity evident in the discovery of scientific hypotheses. The subjectivity of unfit imaginings expressed by an individual experiencing a brief moment of intuitive thought processes allows consideration of an hypotheses that may have otherwise been overlooked .As a reaction to inductivism and the problems recognized with this method, Karl Popper proposed a knew scientific method that aims to establish the best catamenia law available at a given fourth dimension until it is falsified hypothetico-deductivism or falsification. The name itself, hypothetico-deductivism, exempts the process of stating bold, testable laws/hypotheses and drawing deductive inferences regarding the system ability to withstand exposure to rigorous testing and attempts to counterfeitit.So, rather than attempting to prove the legitimacy of scientific laws fabricated by intuitive induction, falsificationism aims to deduce the best, current law to describe natural phenomena based on the inability to falsify it, therefore making the current provisional law acceptable until a time when it is falsified by conflicting evidence. Falsification effectively trumps the method of induction as it strives to provide information about the world and its laws by outlining what they are not rather than making grand generalisations about universal happenings when acknowledging provided a portion of the evidence that could possible be out there.Unfortunately, cod to the complex nature of science, similarly to inductivism, falsification is not a flawless method. In my opinion however, I find the method of falsification convincingly more rational and commonsensical than inductivism. Due to limitations of space, I will explain briefly one of the few issues associated with falsificationism. The issue at hand that is face by the method of falsification is that, Popper presents cases where one scheme is being time-tested against our experimental data, but hypotheses are tested in groups. When we test a theory, we are assuming a lot of other theories in the earth (SCIE1000 Lectures Notes, 2014).The issue then is that if anomalous data is encountered, should it be derived that the entire theory consisting of several individual hypotheses is rejected and if n ot, how is an individual hypothesis isolated from the loosening? This rejection of a theory, in my opinion, doesnt have detrimental affects to our understanding of science as this particular theory may be falsified yet the foot of a new, falsifiable theory is not out of the question. Also, unlike Chalmers, however, falsificationism does not claim any degree of certainty or proof of their claims which compels me to trust that Popper had a greater grasp on the uncertainty that is the universe.Conclusively, Poppers response to Chalmers claim that science is reliable due to its objectively proven nature using inductivism would highlight three key issues and propose how his method of falsification solves these issues. The problem of induction that occurs within inductivism the inability to classify inductive inference as either a priori or a posteriori and alsothe assumption of uniformity of nature are abolished in Poppers method where all scientific laws have the ability to be fals ified upon the observation of new, contradictory evidence. Although falsification is unable to provide any degree of certainty, it does not make bold claims about the workings of the universe that are likely to be supply and incorrect. And lastly, objectification is dismissed in falsification, as the method by which a hypothesis was created is irrelevant to whether or not the claim can be provisionally accepted or rejected based on real-world observations.BibliographyChalmers, A. (1976). What is this thing called science?. 1st ed. St. Lucia, Q. University of QueenslandPress.SCIE1000 Lecture Notes (2014). 7th ed. Brisbane University of Queensland, pp.187-225.

Religious Discrimination

The Importance of Religious divergence & Sexual Harassment Laws in the study The Importance of Laws in the body of work Rights as an employee vary from job to job, however at that place are rudimentary rights that exist for all employees. All employees adjudge a right to be treated clean, have a safe environment to work in, be free from difference and to be free from harassment. There are laws that have been established to insure that these basic rights are protected. Among these are laws against spectral divergence and internal harassment.Not only are they important, they are essential. Laws pertaining to religious discrimination and versed harassment are important in the workplace because they set a standard to be followed. Religious discrimination is defined as discrimination of an employee based on religious beliefs or practices. Religious discrimination place also be filed against an employer because adequate accommodations are not made by an employer for an employ ee. ((2008). R. Mathis, homo Resource Management. Mason, OH Thomson South-Western. Sexual harassment is broken down into two categories quid pro quo is when your employment outcome is linked to the compliance or noncompliance of a sexual demand. The second is hostile environment which is when an employee is field of view to unwelcome verbal or physical sexual behavior, including requests for sexual favors and some other conduct of a sexual nature that is either so direful or pervasive that it adversely affects her or his ability to do work. ((2008). R. Mathis, Human Resource Management. Mason, OH Thomson South-Western. With all of the focus on sexual orientation and sexual preference today it is very important that employees and employers are educated on what is acceptable and what is not. Sexual harassment is a violation of human rights and it affects employees, employers and the ordering as a whole. Research has shown that workplaces in which harassment is allowed are in al l likelihood to have a sharp fall in productivity. Sexual harassment leads to increased absence, high turnover of staff and loss of valuable employees and to a poor public image of the company.By having laws governing what is allowed and acceptable there is no guess work. This helps to eliminate lawsuits and court cases. It also helps to provide a workings environment conducive to all. The same goes for religion. With the increasing amount of religious variety show we have in the United States and in the workforce it is important that there are laws to protect the interest of employers and employees. Religion is a set of beliefs and religious beliefs will rarely affect the duties of our employment.Laws are in place so that employers have to make reasonable accommodations to the religious needs of workers if it is practical to do so and not exceedingly difficult on the company or other workers. Some accommodations to be considered are relaxing the dress commandment for the wearing of religious garments, praying and attending worship services. However, the law does allow employers to fairly question employees about their need for accommodation and offer reasonable alternatives. Workplace discrimination is a huge issue.It spreads negativity and has a devastating effect on any organization, the individual, and society. This is why these laws are so important to the workplace. Bibliography (2008). In R. Mathis, Human Resource Management. Mason, OH Thomson South-Western. http//www1. umn. edu/humanrts/svaw/harassment/explore/4effects. htm (2007) Miner-Rubino K, & Cortina LM, Beyond targets consequences of vicarious motion-picture show to misogyny at work. The Journal of applied psychology, 92 (5), 1254-69 PMID 17845084

First Five Years/ Descriptive Essay Essay

I was born on the island of Sao Miguel, Azores which is federal agency of Portugal. Sao Miguel is as well known as Green Island due to its lush meadow landscape, rainwater forests and waterf boths. I was blessed in universe born to Eduardo & Olga Pereira. The story begins with my stick he entered the military Army as soon as he was of legal be on. My mother was a live-in nanny for a wealthy family who lived in a white house on the hillside overlooking the city. She has told me how she loved being a nanny for the little boy who was called Roberto Reis. She often talks rough the family because she has found memories of caring for the little boy. Also, being of a young age of 15 the family cared for her as one of their own children. This was the beginning to how my parents met. According to atomic number 91 he was walking one day down a pave road and spotted my mother on the grey iron art gallery she was wearing a white dress, slim with ache dark tomentum cerebri and very p retty and holding the little boy. He tried talk to my mom at the era but she said she couldnt be bothered. At least(prenominal) thats how she tells the story.Nonetheless he started walking by every day at high noon in hopes of talking and courting my mom from the veranda. The family that she worked for had strict family values when it came to respecting someones daughter. The stupefy figure in the housesaid to my dad, Olga lives underneath our roof so Im held accountable for her safety and well-being. She is a part of our family so I expect only honorable intentions. My dad respectfully sensible him, his interest were for a long-term commitment. A couple of years later on my arrive and mother got married and I came along shortly a year later. When I turned 2yrs of age my mother told me the story of how my parental grannie told her that she would not watch me again because Id minded(p) her a meaning attack.It seems that I was fond of kittens so I ostensibly saw one outside and decided to follow it right to a 2ft rock wall which I climbed and began crawling towards the orange colored kitten. When my grandmother finally noticed me shed in force(p) about had a heart attack because behind that wall was 25 foot drop over rocks into grapevines. She slowly and carefully walked slowly calling my name to come to her and crush off the wall. As she inched her way close enough she grabbed me and held so tight. She was just sothankful that nothing happened to me. So as I state earlier no more quality time at vovos house for me without my mom being present and accounted for.Once I mop uped 2 years of age is when my parents and I migrated to the United States of America in April 1971. The American Dream is what my parents were in pursuit of which led them to the City of Fall My fathers sister lived here with her husband and children. It was very early on as to the goals my parents had set for themselves. My dad was a carpenter and built piloting yachts, and m om worked in a mill as a stitching machine operator. It was all about working hard and long hours and manner of speaking money to buy a car and then a house. two parents didnt go to college in Portugal but had enough education to reach the goals they set for themselves. I remember we always had everything we needed at least thats what they showed growing up. The culture Roman Catholic was an enormous part of life. Going to church weekly and participation in church functions The spreading of Our Lady of Health were celebrated every August.The church held Saturday night dinner dances the men wore casual bell bottom pants and women wore white gogo boots..it was all for raising money for the church often usually once a month as well as the New Year caller which brought the parishioners together to celebrate the new coming year. I was enrolled at SS Peter and Paul School. Learning Religion was very important to my parents. whiz memory in the 2nd grades I remember was the annual Ha lloween society at school. The PTA would decorate the hall with black and orange streamers and setup a witchs cauldron with smoke coming out of it and we would dock for apples and get tricks or treat bags. It was such fun. I also enjoyed when we did fundraisers at school I liked bringing home the huge package kits full of items to show and sell on tracking sheet. I would unendingly take items out and repack them I remember enjoying to the touch, the feel of things and even the tactual sensation of these little blue car erasers. I was so proud of merchandising my items I was known as the little brown haired girl who was emphatic in selling all the different trinkets.I remember long ago how my parents friends would many times say to me How time passes so quickly with respect to growth and time I didnt realizehow many fond memories I had of my early childhood until today. As I finish this essay the sun is shining bright chickenhearted and my background music is calm meditation.

Syrian Revolution

The Syrian Revolution is important on many levels. This importance is explored in the aspects of Syrians political government, economic and social status and the beginning of a unspecific spread resistance against dominating governments taking part in the halfway East. Hence, the Syrian Revolution plays a significant impact on the ultramodern world and the future of the Syrian population. In March, 2011 an uprising took place by poor and unsatisfied citizens in the capital of Syria, Aleph, as a major part of theArab Spring (a series of revolts in triggered by citizens demanding law reforms and an modify government in the Middle East). Rebel groups then developed as a source of rebellion against the government of Basher AAA Sad, including The Syrian Moslem Brotherhood. Countries such as Tunisia, Egypt and Libya heavily influence the revolt in Syria afterward their protests and riots, in their own countries, to achieve Justice from their governments, have been reached but not en tirely resolved. This topic has an excessive importance over me and my family.It has broadened my understanding f the world and the extent individuals allow for go to for power. The Syrian Revolution overly impacts me cultur every last(predicate)y due to me originating from the Middle East. It has demanded the attention of the social media and people all over the world. I believe It will become an Immense word-painting In modern history over the years to come and that It will also lead to a colossal change In ongoing Syrian society and for the further generations. To conclude, the Syrian Revolution of 2011 Is of great importee to modern society and the future of modern history for the world as well as Syrian citizens.

Basic Bookkeeping Essay

Assessment 1. Written Assessment1. Give an example of daily financial records that you could have to maintain?Update your accounts due and accounts payable daily on your accounting computer using the softw ar provided or modifies to suit the organisational concomitant needs.2. What ar the requirements regarding identifying and rectifying errors in documentation? Using the right accounting mode notes and assemblage Using professional bookkeeping regularity hiring specialist, equal accountant or bookkeeper. Separate personal and business finances Ensuring employee and some other categories are recorded accurately Perform basic account reconciliation. action adequate internal examines Save receipts for small purchases Know the struggle between profit and cash flow Rely also on a paper environment Honour your cheques and GST3. How can you ensure that confidence and debit transactions are accurately recorded, in accordance with organisational requirements?The physical exer tion of computer software. The system will automatically record entries behind the scenes. run into each transaction as amount that will either subjoin or decrease specific accounts, i.e. your bank, revenue as the Chart of Accounts.4. What are the requirements regarding the maintenance of transactions in a full general ledger?The suffice is to record each journal entry into the general ledger. A general ledger holds four types of accounts assets, liabilities, income, expenses and references equity.Income and expenses are real types of asset and liability accounts. there are only two types of accounts managed by a General script Accounts that tell you how much you are owed Accounts that tell you how much you owe5. What are the requirements regarding the card of transactions into the general ledger? Commencing business entries Correction of posting errors Interest expense Interest receivable non-cash transactions Purchase of a flash-frozen asset on credit Sale of a fixed asse t on credit- Withdrawal of stock/assets by owner Write-off a bad debt6. What is the process for reconciling systems for accounts payable and receivable in the general ledger? Checking accuracy or creditor account balances (e.g. cash payments journal, purchases journal, purchases returns journal, general journal) Checking accuracy of debtor account balances (e.g. cash receipts journal, sales return journal, general journal) Checking cash payments and receipt journals against bank statement Checking the entire of the creditors schedule equals the balance of the creditors control account. Checking the total of the debtors schedule equals the balance of the debtors control account7. Financial Reporting has two methods of accounting. What are they? Cash collection8. Explain the two methods and give examples of which reporting method can be used by what size organisation?Cash AccountingThis is the simpler method because it is based on the actual flow of cash in and kayoed of a busin ess. The cash method is used primarily by furbish up proprieties and business with no inventory.Accrual AccountingThis records income and expenses as they occur, whether cash has actually changed hands or not. Most small business should switch to accrualaccounting, because this makes it easier to accurately match revenue to expenses.

Microeconomics and macroeconomics Essay

Microeconomics is the branch of economics which deals into a more case-by-case scope of the study, such as the choices made by people in terms of the utilization and allocation of resources as well as the determine of goods and services. In addition, it includes taxes and the policies created by governments. This vault of heaven of economics deals with supply and demand in concert with separate factors that acts as determinants in identifying the price levels for particular companies in specific industries.This is exemplified by how microeconomics focus on a specific companys potential to maximize its production as well as its cleverness to lower its prices to better compete in the particular industry that it get going to (Investopedia, n. p. ). On the other hand, macroeconomics deals with the behavior of the economy as a whole. dissimilar microeconomics, it does not focus on specific companies but rather takes into paper entire industries and economies.This field of economi cs studies phenomena that take place in a wide scope of the economy like the effects of Gross internal Product (GDP) with unemployment, national income, rate growth as well as price levels. A good example is how macroeconomics measures the effects of the rise and eliminate of net exports in a countrys capital measure and also how the unemployment rate affects the status of the GDP (Investopedia, n. p. ). Nevertheless, even though these both fields of economic are different from each other, they are in reality interdependent.This is due to the fact that most of the issues that fall under each field overlap and thus, they compliment each other. Basically, microeconomics has a bottoms-up approach while macroeconomics has a top-down approach. Nonetheless, they should be understood and analyzed in order to amply comprehend how the economy works (Investopedia, n. p. ). Distinguish between positive and normative economics. Positive economics is responsible in providing a system of g eneralizations, which could be used to make accurate predictions regarding the effects of any variation in circumstances.It is free of any ethical position or normative judgments. Keynes but elaborated on this idea by saying that it deals with what is and not with what ought to be (Economists View, n. p. ). Being the case, positive economics is or can be an objective science because it is judged according to precision, scope, and conformity as well as with empirical evidences. Positive economics deals with the interrelations of human beings with each other as well as with the economy (Economists View, n. p. ).Normative economics, on the other hand, is different from positive economics because it takes into account subjectivity in its analysis. It deals with what ought to be rather than what is really happening because it is heavily dependent in nourish judgments and theoretical scenarios. Normative economics tend to represent opinion sort of of an objective perspective. Moreover, normative economics could be valuable in establishing goals and untried ideas. However, it should not be the basis for policy decisions (Investopedia, n. p. ).ReferencesMilton Friedman The Methodology of Positive Economics. 26 November 2006. Economists View. 19 July 2008. . Normative Economics. 2008. Investopedia. 19 July 2008. . Whats the deflection between macroeconomics and microeconomics? 2008. Investopedia. 19 July 2008. .

Internal Control Essay

The LBJ association is currently making a ratiocination to go public or non and with that The LBJ Company pass on to a fault destiny to become knowledgeable about their native ascendances within their systems, specific altogethery in regards to Accounting and also Human Resources and how it go forth affect them and their employees and of go how they conduct business.There corroborate been some positive and negative roll in the hays organise in regards to their ingrained requires. However, the LBJ Company needs to be acknowledged for what they atomic number 18 doing right, but will also need to address the starts that atomic number 18 negatively affecting them and their business and will continue to negatively affect them if they fall to go public, which will drive down the cost of their shares etc.This fortune study will review these items as fountainhead as pay recommendations for what the LBJ Company can do to tighten up their internecine controls. dowry 1 Int ernal Controls Requirements Inform the President of any new infixed control requirements if the confederation decides to go public.Internal controls are mechanisms, policies, and procedures used to asperse and monitor operational risks. In order to deter employees from committing a dishonourable or fraudulenceulent act the controls essential be thorough and comprehensive. However, internal controls by themselves are not enough. They will be effective barely if they are reinforced through culture, policies and procedures, information systems, training, and supervision of staff.* The primary objectives of internal controls are to Internal controls assistant to provide reliable data by ensuring that information is recorded in a consistent way that will allow for useful financial reports * They also help prevent fraud and loss by safeguarding assets and essential records. * Internal controls promote operational cleverness by reducing unnecessary duplication of effort and guardin g against misallocation of resources. * They encourage adhesiveness to management policies and funding source requirements. Internal controls can be broke down into cardinal categories- accounting and administrative controls, which is exactly what the issues are with the LBJ Company. (Internal Controls Checklist) harmonise to the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, all publicly traded U.S. corporations are postulate to maintain an sufficient system of internal control at all times. As LJB Company President, he or she should be aware that a controlled environment must(prenominal) be present at all times, and that unethical activity will not be tolerated. The LBJ Company must identify and analyze the miscellaneous factors that could take a leak risk for the business and how the team can manage those risks. The boilersuit internal control system needs to show and communicate all appropriate information within the organization, to en certain(a) that the communicated information has reac hed the organization. According to the textbook, It is really important to puzzle testing and auditing of controls to build a long lasting organization. (Kimmel, 2009)Part 2 What the Company is Doing Right? Advise the President of what the follow is doing right (they are doing some things well) and also recommend to the President whether or not they should buy the indelible ink machine. When you advise the President, please be sure to reference the applicable internal control principle that applies.The come with has been doing well by creating a balanced environment for employees, due to the long-term employees that are currently there is an excellent thing for LBJ Company. From what is being shown, the managers and employees submit a great balance, which keeps great control and promotes a team point environment within the fraternity. Another good thing is that the restrainer is in charge of the checks and also stores them into safe in his office, but the manager should h ave the only key to the safe to increase the monitoring of the checks and would also create a checks and balance system.Plus if the controller is not there for whatsoever reason and an employee needs their check, the manager can handle that and not flub any employment laws by not giving an employee their check in a timely manner. The President of LJB Company, has also d star a good thing for wanting the employees to be aware of any new regulations required of the company if they decide to go public. It is incredibly important the President have different soulfulnesss serve as an Accountant, financial officer and Controller which will help streamline many of their processes. This way, the Accountant will not be trusty for all financial dealings and again this will create checks and balances which are required to go public.Part 3 Advise the President of what the company is doing wrong (they are definitely doing some things poorly). Please be sure to include the internal control principle that is being violated along with a recommendation for improvement. (20 points) This situation for LBJ Company has shown that it is in clear rape of the internal control principle and is take placening significant risks by not including more oversight and checks and balances. First of all, that they have one accountant who plays the utilisation of both Treasurer and Controller is an area of great risk. The Controller and Treasurer are meant to play opposite roles in which they provide oversight and checks and balances to the other. The two positions should be filled by separate employees, and this change should be apply as soon as possible.In the current setup, the one accountant has too much power over the processes. Another issue is the exchange drawer principle also leaves the company vulnerable to fraud and treatment of cash in hand. For example, even if a company employee were to act independently, an employee could easily remove a substantial amount of unautho rized funds, and it would be difficult, if not impossible, to find who did it as any of the company employees could have been culpable. An example of the problems that arise from the anonymity that company employees have within the organization, is clearly exemplified in the case of the worker who was laid-off for viewing pornography on the company computer. Not only does this unveil risks of damaging corporate reputation, and download viruses, but it also highlights how the lack of exclusive user accounts and accountability makes it so that one employee can hide their cattish actions with anonymity. Below are some recommendations for the LBJ Company. Recommendations1) To introduce a culture of corporate responsibility, the CEO should begin to implement individual user accounts for its computers, as well as a formal cash withdrawal system, that requires that company employees muniment themselves with another person or a computer system.2) The role of the one accountant who act s as Treasurer and Controller must be stranded into two so as not to violate the internal control principle, and in order to minimize the likelihood of fraud.3) The checks should not just be left at the accountants office, but in a safe where only two people have access such(prenominal) as the accountant and the manager. That way more than one person is responsible.4) The accountant taking checks home over the weekend is a security issue as well as introduces more opportunity for fraud. This practice must be stopped and more safeguards put in place. This also is an issue regarding personal identifying information on the checks of the employees and if the checks become lost or stolen, so that information is available to the public now.5) The accountant also being mixed in the interview process for new employees is disturbing because of the level of control he has over critical aspects in the companys daytime to day business. If he were to hire an accomplice, he could easily use t hat individual and his position in order to manipulate accounts and withdraw significant funds from the company before he is ever caught. 6) The HR Departments should also run more thorough background checks as part of their hiring processes. (Bell, 2010)Conclusion instantly that the LBJ Company has received the recommendations to fix the issues with their internal controls, they will no question be able to go public and be successful. The LBJ Company should also re-evaluate their processes every so often to make sure that these new systems for their internal controls are successful. They should re-evaluate every so often in case they need to make changes as well.