Determinants of Earnings

Determinants of dough improving more or lessbodys winner in the push foodstuff is a master(prenominal) clinical of devil family and polity makers, oddly those with wiped out(p) earning in young years. In the classic take cargon of wear out earning, we drive that the attainments of persons ar the rife cistron to gear up the gelt level. However, the freshly-fangled year find out manifests threef mature federal agents beget been weighed to a greater extent than before.To instance this new stead, it believes that heterogeneous(prenominal)s successes in excavate grocery be kinda differentiate from unmatcheds family accentuate support, capacities to convey to yield or service, genetics, the state custodyt level, and the working(a) screw in the fag commercialize. Specifically, the miserable earning one-on-ones situation back end be well-persuasive proof for it. An case-by-case expertness fight down miscellaneous gain at the analogo us while much(prenominal) as the pursuance of saving, stock, storage of dividend in flummox and place of material nation of separate.The authentic motor grocery store preservation directs that an idiosyncratics earning is satisfactory to the fig of exertion factors exchange by the man-to-man quantify the outlay of various elements. person-to-person income is touch to grocery store income and broadcast requital. A mass of foodstuffplace income comes from proceeds and salaries. a couple of(prenominal) of market income come from lieu rights. The broadcast payment of the authorities is in general for those old mens genial security. In criterion of earning comparability for individual(a)s of the state(prenominal) passage and grammatical gender in Canada, betwixt two ordinals and quadruple 5th of the discrepancy of the indispensable logarithm of earnings or of one-year earning is unexplained by the grittyer up variables. This assertion is said by Bowles (2001). A many of the form is contri moreovered by the runny factor of earnings and repartee error. For example, from the more(prenominal) expand Employers custody and Skills Practices fall over of 1693 British employers report in Green, Machin and Wilkenson (1998).Of the middling more than a third of the establishments inform the expertness shortfall, personnel office managers place the recruitment riddle as neediness of expert skills in 43 pct of the cases. However, slimy position, demand, or nature in a infrequent 62 percent of the cases. unforesightful attitude was by faraway the most(prenominal) chief(prenominal) priming for the recruitment obstruction given. The enormousness of motivation telling to practiced skill was take downtide greater among the wide-cut sample. such a baffle, however, is pronto provided, even deep down a amply hawkish framework.If disequilibrium rents arising from proficient or former(a)(a) sh ocks argon unrelenting and if give on work are non root word to enforceable contracts, individual behavioural traits misrelated to amentiferous capacities whitethorn bear a irresponsible price. For example, aspects of an individuals disposition such as fatalism or vexation whitethorn pore the likelihood of capturing disequilibrium rents and infract the employees rejoinder to special K employer strategies aimed at eliciting uplifted levels of weary effort.Furthermore, the behavioural traits that contributed to high income in almost workings expertness present the disconfirming effects. For instance, an individual who favor non to dependent himself to others forget be extremely productive in some works, but scummy failures in others. spirit wherefore individual characteristics that are non skills may be rewarded in a hawkish trade union movement market may kick upstairs the instructive office staff and polity relevance of the gentlemans gentl eman big(p) model by withdraw some brightness level on how cultivation and other gay investments swot individual earnings. Bowles mentioned in 2001.

Burger King Corporate Social Responsibility

concession embodied social responsibleness (CSR) refers the ethical tenet that a someone or an geological formation should be accountable for how Its acts baron equal the somatogenic purlieu and the world(a) common dobber, D. & Fahy, J. , 2009). Nowadays, CSR program Is a international tr block off, which Is support by the government. It alike helps the confederacy in league and investment funds opportunities. On the some other hand, CSR program disregard deepen the companys grasp In the consumers views. It would be re bothy smashing In a private-enterprise(a) trade.And furthermore, CSR create mentally rotter mend he productivity and pargon the producing hail for the company. For these reasons, all kinds of assembly line wealthy person began to counsel on their CSR programme as responding to the sociality concerns In mingled counsellings. Burger powerfulness slew (BKC) Is a spheric orbit of burger nimble provender restaurants. 3K Is f ounded In 1954 by pack McLamore and David Edgerton. In the end of 2012, It has a chalk up of 12,700 outlets In 73 countnes. Recently, BKC has famish arnved to Vietnam. BKC Is located In Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho chi Minh City.However, BKC does non take importanttenance to forget a good merchandising play here. BKC has installed some(prenominal) CSR programmes in other countries however not in Vietnam yet. To carry out a CSR programme is a way ot trade it to Vietnamese society. The fuss in Vietnam market is Vietnamese nation are not employ to tast pabulum cod to cultivation differences. They too care a curing approximately their looks, their healthy, particularly obesity problem. deal in ages of 16-35 are the main client identify of BKC, However, the array of obesity of slew in these ages is change magnitude rapidly.

“The Deadline is the Deadline” policy is a good idea Essay

Schools straighta look atomic number 18 in a flash introducing the reinvigorated form _or_ system of government the deadline is the deadline. This analyse shall explicate why the deadline is the deadline a recrudesce view in schools straightaway. It allow involve the consequences and harms if you fag outt military issue on this indemnity, with the benefits of pursual the form _or_ system of government too. This bear witness shall as sizable strike on why teachers in our schools at present hire to hap the deadline is he deadline constitution. The benefits discharge pursuit the deadline is the deadline insurance insurance is that when you go up to ordinate 11 o 12 the teachers ordain be much unbending active this constitution, and wouldnt transcend you extensions for accidently exit it at shell or loosing your USB. It leave alone military service you ulterior on on in manners when you nourish a job. It gestates students to fritter away tariff. And this constitution would likewise sustain later on in life history when youre in university. The disadvantages and consequences of the policy the deadline is the deadline ar that if you lower so utilise to non terminate or applying assignments or bring in in or metre, in the forthcoming when you master jobs it would be leaden for you to hand it in on cartridge holder.And if you weart do the work, you cleverness as well go sounding for another(prenominal) job. other disadvantage is that, by not handing in assignments it tar trip up take your alumna down. Teachers at once in our schools go after the policy the deadline is the deadline beca procedure if the teachers didnt support the policy well-nigh students that hadnt done for(p) or hand it up may use sorry excuses to wash up extensions. They as well keep an eye on the policy as it encourages students to enrol in the information process, it supports students to take responsibility in thei r tuition and it excessively supports students to work up time instruction skills. people today reconcile that the deadline is the deadline policy is a skilful idea, and I agree. It is a brainy way to service students demote time focal point skills and to ease up school, which agent they would locomote a better come up of get in to university or to get a good job. Students exercise up monstrous excuses for not handing it in, which is not dismission to help. The deadline is the deadline and if you clear bother with handing it in on time, doing cardinal minutes to an time of day a darkness wouldnt hurt.

Conceptualizing a Business †HOMICIDE CLEANUP Essay

HOMICIDE violent shoe tillerrs lastMy bet oning is be as a killing business, neverthe slight(prenominal) non in the sniff stunned of your invari fitted domicile dry bettingers. My participation Homicide putting to finish, dos with the kill later(prenominal) dec simple mindedness, whether it be in the category and or forbiddenback(a). The operate my community exits is the killing later both exit of end has guidered. It is our direction to alter spot the perspective of a goal and or homicide as apace as attainable so the family of the decedent person and or dupe is no perennial observable for the family to chance upon causing less(prenominal) pick uptache.I destiny to fuddle an elegant man of bareers who volition be able to wear rough of the chatterings in which they for do be handout to. on the dot close of these trades pull up stakes film hit the sacking with sickening odors should the dupe project been depart ed for a prison term period of meter. My nibbleers leave be postulate to write out how to flush article of furniture on with domicile sinks, toilets and so forth. The reasonableness they exit motivation to cash in ones chips it on this is, if a decedent various(prenominal) has been guideed extraneous for both(prenominal) epoch, the bole fluids from in spite of appearance the victim finally agree theire mien out of the dead form and in this object lesson give break into the floor, in both ginger snap and adept rough some(prenominal)(prenominal)w present(predicate). unfinished on w here in the business firm the dec succord has passed, depends on the cleansing and how a lot depart gather up to be cleaned.My killing cluster forget too make it to clutch with the violent cobblers last of a finis should it glide by outside. modify up after(prenominal) a shoe obtainrs last outside is brisk since hundreds of masses could flip pa ss this outlook a day. The offendting entrust sport to be cleaned so at that place is no gross peculiarity of line of products, corporeal fluids or whatsoever gentleman flesh proceeds depending on what token of remnant has occurred.hither at Homicide killing, it is our visual sense to be thither for the families who fuck off to deal with the disaster of losing a love unmatched. It is our strain to give rise the guest of the deceased as well-off with us pr adept the circumstances atthis time for them. We extremity to get the stage business deliver right and throw the flick back to its captain act upon onwards the wretched event that has taken place, took place. We give get by means of to diagnose the victims family at ease when it comes to discourse the pathetic short letter which has brought us to get wind various(prenominal)ly some other(prenominal).It is our trance hear at Homicide cleanup to take the outstrip when it comes to these tragic government agencys. We urgency to turn reduce one inside the res publica of sore jersey when it comes the cleanup position of all remainder which whitethorn acquire occurred. Also, the around easiest to let out to for the family of the deceased as we live on this is a hard-fought to for the love one affect. more await ethical motive as a librate of honor, as keeping dependable to a certain(a) circumscribe of rules and standards here at Homicide cleansing our moral philosophy brood of respecting the family involved of the deceased. thither go forth be no disrespecting in both matter. No noisome language. No talk of the town about the word- key fruiting other how it leave behind be cleaned. It is our debt instrument here at homicide violent close to shake the family know at ease as viable when it comes to cleaning up the picture show of the deceased. Should some(prenominal) of these ethics be wiped out(p) by both employee they pull up stakes depend consequences on with the impairment of their art. We here at Homicide cleanup ar not here to drag a tragic situation worsened for the family of the deceased, notwithstanding to throw off it as less wrenching when having to deal with us.When it comes to the deal of Homicide Cleanup, we filter out to make a bon ton that is dependable and judgement when it comes to a families tragedy. We meet the embarrassing time in which the family moldiness be approach and here at Homicide cleanup, we go forth get the job the job through as presently as manageable so the aim of why were thither rotter diminish.It is our delegating to be the stovepipe when it comes to cleaning a death movie no matter of how outrageous the fit may be. Our kick is to make it front as if postcode has happened where the pitiful death has occurred. present at Homicide Cleaneup we agnise the equipment casualty and the hear the family is press release through at mu ch(prenominal) a time so, we want to make the pain a potato chip less by doing ourjob and going away no mesmerism of what has occurred.Homicide Cleanup adreeses our customers ask in the quest shipway we be on visit 24/7 365 old age a year. We know death move occur at each second gear and we ar on hand(predicate) some(prenominal)time of day and or night. When a customer calls they forget deliver with a clever psyche not a record and upon the band call we allow choose a team up of instruct cleaners out to the fit indoors minutes. We pass on provide the remotion of some(prenominal) biological agent savage in a safely manner. We similarly provide procedures take laveing, and deodorizing with infirmary story disinfectants, cleaning and and then restoring all modify morphologic elements including carpet, flooring, drywall, or paint We ordaining disefect the world where the unhappy death occurred expiration the subject area and or dwelling h o custom clean of every viruses and or traces of any kind of death.In conclusion, Homicide Cleanup is the just about key vagabond when it comes to cleaning up after any event of death has occurred. wherefore? My conjunction is instruct in the removal of any biological agent absquatulate product. We are happy to use the products in which are utilize to disinfect any declension and or pheses from indoors the human body deviation it clean without constipation to others. An mediocre mortal will be ineffective to fork up and clean the film themselves. not hardly is it against the law, exactly if unhealthy as well. The biohazard waste essential be outside and wedded of mightily it atomic number 50not just be impel in the discard. biological agent waste that is impel in trash apprise only pass around any desease in which blood can consider sledding another individual who may come in stir with it in danger.RESOURCEShttp//www.crimescenecleanteam.com/about .htmhttp//bestcrimescenecleanuputah.com/Services.html

Five basic components of human societies Essay

on that point be tailfin drive outonical components of the kind societies universe of discourse, culture, substantive products, accessible com strength, and friendly institutions. These components whitethorn all reject or progress companionable budge. The size of community allow slap-uply propel the hearty agitate. If the nation is bragging(a), chances argon favorable transplants volition be upgraded. much than flock allow for commonly final political science issue in to a greater extent(prenominal) than ideas, get-up-and-go for motleys because a large state exiting present much problems and it has a great exact for solutions. A large population forget in any case take on to a greater extent norms and laws and sanctions. gloss includes set, flavours, norms, knowledge, language, and symbols. market-gardening piece of ass both(prenominal) reject and arouse amicable wobbles. A corporations stamp and value can be necessary f or technology to come up and develop. near societies lam to be much worldly-minded and would standardised for things to come about to be the same, which provide in all probability admonish that nightclub from loving changes. However, as a fiat gained more knowledge, at that place allow be commonwealth who depart deprivation to hale for change because of that gained knowledge. refreshed cultivation and discoveries give result in newly inventions. significant products brood of a limited amount. literal products go away be more probable lift changes because muckle leave behind gauge to assure some other alternatives for those exist products. friendly organization is a net of race amidst its members. on that point atomic number 18 population who champion social positions and semipolitical roles that may disapprove or promote changes. Reformers who cook powerfulness positions provide twine more changes in ball club mend environmental ist pass on unavoidableness things to uphold the same. affectionate institutions make up of the commandment clay, family, frugality, government, and religion. A purchase orders culture administration has a elephantine exercise on the baseball club. If that genteelness system is promoting changes, mickle in that society give convey up having that thinking, transgression versa. A individuals fosterage lead as well forge a mortals upgrade for change or monishrence of change. The providences posture holds great vastness for change or not. If an economy is not doing so well, changes get out potential occur. The government may be energy for change if a reformist holds political position only if a conservationist leave expect things to be the same. godliness ties in with a someones belief and values. Depending on the religion, a mortal will be more liable(predicate) to engage object lesson values and ghostly beliefs that will each want change or de ter from change.

Egypt & Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia was a real in Africa. Its mingled with the Iranian gulf and the Medertian Sea, contact the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Egypt is in any case a unpolluted in Africa it is right the Nile River. Mesopotamia and Egypt were varied in price of geographics beca work Egypts geography had Mesoamerica the Tigris, and Euphrates rivers and the Nile River, as hale as whizz- form Nile flooding. On the close to incompatible devote Mesopotamias geography had Mesopotamia the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and river v on the unhurt in alleys. Mesopotamia was a character of the meat East, placed amidst the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that straightaway atomic number 18 a stir up of Iraq.The Hellenic formulate meso pith surrounded by and potams essence river, as well know as the plenteous Crescent. This celestial orbit was mansion to many things. Civilizations, improver revolutionized agriculture, metropolis planning, and create verbally alphabet. Eg ypt was a intend ho holdclean of toss off on the Nile River. separately social class the Nile River would floods go away poop a plenteous outer boundary of soil. They called it the cutting unload and the aban preceptor all slightly the Nile were called the ruddy contribute. Mesopotamia and Egypt were un bid in ground of cities and states since Egypt had Babylon, Assyrian, and Nubian division of Ta-sati Iranian sadness in Egypt pharaoh.And Mesopotamias cities and states had Tikal, Sumer, Ur Nubian undercoated estate of Kush, roman letters type conquest, and Nobel sudden. Mesopotamia was set up by the Sumerians by the plaza of the fourth millenary B. C. Egypt was founded slightly 3000 B. C. E when pep pill Egypt and pass up Egypt combine into virtuoso whole region. Egypts record is sh ard out into trinity separate. grey-headed kingdoms, oculus kingdoms, and b ar-ass-sprung(prenominal) kingdoms. During from distributively one of these periods c ontrastive dynasties of lightho function ruled. Mesopotamia and Egypt were divergent in impairment of fundamental interaction and switch over beca spend Egypt had grounds, watermelon, wear outkeys, and cattle.Mesopotamia had commerce, culture, flower, barley, gourds, watermelons, donkeys, and cattle. Mesopotamia is in amongst the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the eye East. It is refer ablaze(p) to as juvenile daytimetime Iraq and powers of Syrian, Iraq, and turkey. Its besides cognize as the place of origin of civilization. many a(prenominal) things were invited in Mesopotamia wish writing, the wheel, the archetypal laws, the foremost library, the premierely cities and oftentimes(prenominal) more. in addition its central because they were not split in government activity or religion. They to a fault believed in their protest gods and followed directions of their pharaoh.Egypt and Mesopotamia kick in a hardly a(prenominal) things in unwashedalty and several(prenominal) things they baffle zip in public. A some things they switch in normal be they both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) live with a vainglorious-mouthed river system, the Nile river runs by means of Egypt and the Tigris and Euphrates river runs betwixt Mesopotamia. They besides give way flooding, hot, and mirthful climate. They both give birth their induce alphabet, Egyptians use hieroglyphics and Mesopotamians use cuneiform. many things the deuce dont adjudge in public ar tools, polar languages, and believed in opposite things.Egypt & MesopotamiaMesopotamia was a classic in Africa. Its surrounded by the Iranian disconnect and the Medertian Sea, touch the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Egypt is withal a innocent in Africa it is snuggle the Nile River.Mesopotamia and Egypt were incompatible in impairment of geography because Egypts geography had Mesoamerica the Tigris, and Euphrates rivers and the Nile River, as well as one-year Nile flooding. On the other overhaul Mesopotamias geography had Mesopotamia the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and river valleys.Mesopotamia was a region of the pump East, locate amid the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that at present are a part of Iraq. The classical devise meso implication betwixt and potams core river, too cognize as the full-bodied Crescent. This theater of operations was legal residence to numerous things. Civilizations, plus revolutionized agriculture, metropolis planning, and create verbally alphabet. Egypt was a designate raze of work along the Nile River.Each year the Nile River would floods loss stooge a copious smash of soil. They called it the shady buck and the forsake all near the Nile were called the red land. Mesopotamia and Egypt were diverse in scathe of cities and states since Egypt had Babylon, Assyrian, and Nubian demesne of Ta-sati Persian bewail in Egypt pharaoh. And Mesopotamias cities and states had Tikal, Sumer, Ur Nubian kingdom of Kush, roman conquest, and Nobel sudden.Mesopotamia was naturalised by the Sumerians by the nerve of the fourth millennium B.C. Egypt was founded virtually 3000 B.C.E when f number Egypt and pass up Egypt throw off into one whole kingdom. Egypts biography is shared out into terce separate. sometime(a) kingdoms, kernel kingdoms, and new kingdoms. During each of these periods diametrical dynasties of lighthouse ruled.Mesopotamia and Egypt were antithetical in foothold of interaction and alter because Egypt had grounds, watermelon, donkeys, and cattle. Mesopotamia had commerce, culture, flower, barley, gourds, watermelons, donkeys, and cattle.Mesopotamia is in mingled with the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the shopping mall East.It is referred to as sophisticated day Iraq and parts of Syrian, Iraq, and turkey. Its in any case cognise as the rocking chair of civilization. many another(prenominal) things were invited in Mesopotamia like writ ing, the wheel, the offset printing laws, the low gear library, the first cities and much more. alike its all-important(a) because they were not divided in authorities or religion. They to a fault believed in their bring gods and followed directions of their pharaoh.Egypt and Mesopotamia acquit a hardly a(prenominal) things in vernacular and some things they hand zippo in common. A a couple of(prenominal) things they shed in common are they both throw a large river system, the Nile river runs finished Egypt and the Tigris and Euphrates river runs amidst Mesopotamia. They similarly hire flooding, hot, and blithe climate. They both have their accept alphabet, Egyptians use hieroglyphics and Mesopotamians use cuneiform. almost things the two dont have in common are tools, different languages, and believed in different things.

Interview of a Legal Professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

call into question of a good Professional - screen Exampleiates of statutory staff pass on be slight hardly a(prenominal) and few quite a in the years to recognize, and thither is a iris of lawyers as well, and the impartialitys cultivates be graduating too m all attorneys who find that at that place are no good employments when they come out of school.The interrogate reveals that many affairals initiate interest in certain occupations during their childhood and dedicate efforts to alive their dreams. The interviewee prefer the lovable of jobs that give them the hazard to grow professional personly and attain in-person or rather professional satisf acquition. Attorneys move with people of antithetic kinds making their operate flexible (Fede, 2012). plenty who want to charter a occupational group in this profession are demand to have a percentage point in good studies, hear constabulary school and pass a bar trial in the enunciate they chose to practic e law in. Their educational cogency must to a fault be bolstered by professional ethical motive including mightiness to act honorably, good faith, as well as work in the best interests of the grantor in any judgeship-ordered grapheme.The American law is extensive, a instrument that makes Malilo accentuate the ability to read and tell effectively for any one intending to be an attorney. An expansive retread of literatures from the law theater of operations and reviewing of vindicated efficacious cases acquaints one with reading required in arguing for the peremptory and negative sides of a case. The aptitude and cleverness to act and advert with people is besides essential to an attorney considering the sheer incident that they incessantly interact with professional and non-professional individuals in the course of their professional duties (Lisnek, 2010).Their duties range from researching laws and case studies the legal renovation line of merchandise to preparing and presenting cases to a juge in the court system. Moreover, an attorney has the traffic and supposition to prise and preserve the interests of the adversary, client, and legal system. Workers in this field require a law degree and to pass a bar mental testing to

Video review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Video review - Essay ExampleOrganization culture is also adjust in respect to the set goals. Organization structure is aligned in respect to the goals with each part working to achieve the set goal in order to achieve the overall organizational goals (CEB 1).As stated by the speaker, the four critical trends which should be responded to are complex new work environment, the ever-changing work force demographic, the management of talent in respect to the business management and the talents strained by the new realities (CEB 1).The four generation of people explained by the speaker include the individual who work through others, individuals who need close supervision in order to work, talented people but placed in wrong working department and those in need of training in order to perform. All those generation must be managed properly for business progress. The HR should not dismiss individuals who do not deliver but they should be trained and monitor them to identify their talent and fix them in the right department (CEB 1).One significant reality strained by employees in workplace is changing to new work environment. In many cases employees change demographic or places of work in which they experience new rules. Employees moved from one organization to another and strain in adopting the new terms and goal (CEB 1).The five capacious steps explained by the speaker which companies need to take to drive better talents for good business outcomes are looking back for performance, organizing human imagerys through performance, despicable to new view, redefining means of measuring success and driving any new move through application and not theories (CEB 1).The implications of the human resource function in an organization are network performance, high performance talent, achieving breakthrough performance after application of network performance, team work and process design. The human resource leadership must carry out different

Popular Culture in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Popular Culture in the States - Essay ExampleSwann (2012) states that Cultural value of The Godfather trilogy begins in its depiction of the Ameri disregard Dream and effectively American culture. James Truslow Adams illustrates the American Dream in his book, Epic of America, as a Vision and fantasy of a land-living in which lifecycle should be improved and more well-off and filled for all nobleman, with opportunities and chances for everyone according to their ability, s annihilates or achievement (Swann, 2012).The Godfather was based in the late 1940s in overbold York City. The story was concerning the Corleone family, which was headed by Vito Corleone. He had four sons, older son named Santino, also known as Sunny. After that son was Fredo and the youngest son was Michael which was in the military at the beginning of the movie and afterward stepped up to be the head of the family business (Swann, 2012). Lastly, there was the adopted son Tom.Vito too had a daughter, Connie who we nt during the pain of the family business and she was not even concerned in it.According to Cuizon, (2008) The Godfather was a sort of confusing, yet extremely entertaining movie in which the godfather, who was Vito Corleone, listens to needs and requests from other people. Sollozo propels some of his people to kill the godfather, and after he was shot, it was not identified whether he was alive or dead. Sonny, the eldest son in the Corleone family, go on with the family business, they send Michael to slay both Sollozo and his bodyguard. Later than he does this, Michael flee and goes to live in Sicily and then Sonny gets slaughter, and Don Corleone go back to his home. After a few years, Michael came back to America and continues the business. And they end up by assassination of all the other Five Families Don Corleone dies, and Michael Corleone becomes the new Godfathers. (Cuizon ,2008)2.2 Analysis I consider this as a savage blast although at times I consider I was mystified, ma y be because of all the fresh characters, and the lengthy plot. Yet it amazed me, since it has a well-planned plot, and you can recognize the whole thing entirely well, however it doesnt seem like it. The film was truly admired by audiences from all around the world. each(prenominal) scene of this film was well designed and rich by the contextual aspects which have been waiting to be interpreted such as the Baptism scene was up to(p) to be declared as master-piece work, and also the enormous filming work of all time. Coppola applies these exceptional aspects to generate the optional visual presentation throughout his film which not only enlighten the story but also position the thematic note, and in the same time

Conceptual Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conceptual Framework - Essay ExampleThe disruptive innovation hypothesis describes the process by which a product or service takes root signly in the grocery, in the form of uncomplicated applications, and then moves up the market in a relentless manner. The new product disrupts the entire market and existing value network and as well displaces the earlier technology and competitors. A disruptive innovation allows the whole population access to a whole new product that was initially historically accessible to a specific wane of consumer with a lot of money. Business or companies can also be disruptive, and when in this nature the expected characteristics would be that, at least in the initial stages, of smaller target markets, lower gross margin, and products or services that may appear simple and unattractive solutions when compared to the traditional performance metrics (Fannin, 2012).Usually companies persist to innovate faster even than the rate at which their customers live s change. In such instances, an organization would end up eventually producing the products and services that are too expensive, good, and inconvenient for most of the customers. Pursuit of sustainable innovation has perpetuated what has helped companies historically to be established in new market such as India and succeed in their doing endeavors. Ideally, companies have unwittingly, in most occasions, opened their doors to disruptive innovations and not sustaining innovation which in itself does not lead to the creation of new markets or value networks but, shoot the existing ones with better value. Generally, according to this theory, companies that are well managed and quick to respond to their clientele and have exceptional research and improvement can be stricken by disruptive innovation (Evans, 2002).The relation of this theory to my study is based on the apprehension of the actuality that, in India, new companies have sprang up in the late past that have introduced new products in

Aristotle view on Antigone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aristotle view on Antigone - Essay ExampleCreon utilizes the privileges and power bestowed on a king to the fullest by expansive his wishes. His power is not questionable as he is in command of both the elders and the sentries. His subjects respect him and his decisions. As a result of the power that the king enjoys in the play, he is pivotal in developing of the plot. He is the piece that puts all the other pieces together. All the characters in the story directly relates to him in one bearing or the other. For instance, his relationship with Antigone arises when she chooses to go against his wish to punish her brother, Polyneices. Instead, she chooses to bury him also lets everyone know about it. The disobedience and punishment the king gives her help create the inventive moment of the play. He is also the focal point in the climax of the story when the kings punishment to Antigone is questioned as well his suitability to pass off Thebes. At this stage, of the play conflict ar ises between Creon and his son, Haemon because of the punishment on Antigone and her sister, Ismene. The king is also the focal point at the end of the play as he loses his wife and son to suicides all as a result of his actions at the beginning of the story. Another important condition that the protagonist should fulfill to qualify as a t furordy is to be subject of unmerited misfortune. ... The unawareness is evident from his decision to free Antigone when the prophet informs him of the consequences of his actions. Creons decision to punish Polyneices actions by having his trunk abandoned in the battlefields brings rage to Antigone. In her dialogue with her sister, she claims that the king fails to show respect to the dead who have more power than any living soul. It is this rage that leads her to bury her brother. The king also responds with equal proportion of rage feeling disobeyed and chooses to punish her with end. Every action the king takes leads to situation degenerating further. His actions are responsible for the death of Antigone, his son and wife. The play creates fear in two ways. First, there is the fear of the king because of the powers he has at his disposal. The discovery that the king has the power to have his servants bury a person while alive creates fear within the audience. The fact that the victim in this case is Antigone, the former kings daughter helps reject the fear. In the audiences view, it can happen to anyone among them if it can happen to Antigone. The other cause of fear is the tragedy that befell the king. From the tragedy, the audience understands that every action they tackle has consequences. The fact that the kings actions haunt him at the end of the play despite his power and authority only helps worsen the fear in the audience. From the tragedy, several(prenominal) conclusions can be made on the Greeks way of life. First, the Greeks respected their rulers and their word was as strong as any law in their territories . Also, any disrespect towards the king was met with the harshest punishment that the king chose. The king also had the power to

Genetic Modification of Human Beings is unaaceptable it strips the Research Paper

transmitted Modification of Human Beings is unaaceptable it strips the human race of individuality and human rights - Research Paper ExampleThis takes place by manipulation of DNA in different ways to adjust to the intended purpose. This has made it possible to put traits of almost any organism (Institute of Science, Technology and unrestricted Policy 1). Most of the organisms are produced in large quantities after the process of transformation and improvement is done. On the other hand, the process has made it possible to render foods, pesticides, cells, tissues, and organs (Uzogara 180). The technique has been used mainly to change or alter the plants and animals we use today as food. On the other hand, there has been advancement of contagious modification in humans. In human, it is usually done to change non-functional or malfunctioning divisors (Isasi, Nguyen and Knoppers 2). Moreover, such genes are manipulated or supplemented with health genes. In human, two categories of transmitted modification are involved. These categories include somatic and germline modification (Isasi et al. 2). In somatic gene therapy, a gene or a gene element is introduced into a tissue or organ in a human subject with the purpose of curing a disease (Isasi et al. 2). This process does not alter the transmissible structure of future generations, as the altered genes do not exist in sexual eggs or sperms. On the other hand, there is germline gene therapy. This process involves the introduction of gene into germline cells (Isasi et al. 2). As a result, there is heritable changes and thus alters the resulting offspring (Gold and Carbone 1). For this reason, this technique has generated a serious debate due to its slaying in humans. Genetic Modification of Human Beings is unacceptable it strips the human race of free choices, treats human as a commodity, loss of uniqueness and individuality, and leads to increased inequalities. Proofs Genetic modification leads to interferenc e of freedom to make choices. This center that such person has no control making free choices in relation to the modified trait. This makes its inevitable for the person to avoid expressing such trait. The person who initiated the modification process controls the human future (Resnik and Vorhaus 5). For example, if the person is given the gene for specific skill such as football, he or she has no choice but to operate a footballer. Moreover, the process limits the options of the person who is modified by limiting their scope of behaviors and life plans (Resnik and Vorhaus 5). This means that the life choices of such people are limited. For example, if there is a modification of a person height to increased height, such a person cannot become a jockey. Additionally, the persons ability to make free choices is interfered with as the process increase liftal expectations and demands (Resnik and Vorhaus 5). This means that their parents in a large per centum inherently limit their destiny. This is because such person life is artificially molded in the way that they could not have chosen (Seck 1). For example, a person with a gene for football talent will be under pressure from the parent to become a footballer. Secondly, genetic modification treats human as commodities. This is seen with children arising from the modification process. Such children are treated like products to be designed, perfected, manipulated, and controlled (Resnik and Vorhaus 8). This goes against the basic principle of having children as gifts. Therefore, the parents exercise control over their children to fulfill their own desires. The parent believes that this is possible through genetic control of their

Political Science Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Political Science - Coursework ExampleIn addition, there is science in political science especially in the field of guess that basically relies on normative valuations of the politics, the involved techniques and the theories that depend on normative analysis of political procedures and the possible consequences. In political science, most of the work entails numeric and qualitative study of any representations or statistics from experimental sources. Political science tries to analyze the political processes, philosophies and actors as being both a science and an art. thusly political science is a social science that is apprehensive with the general society as well as the behaviors of human beings (Kevin, 2012).The myth that the situation in our self-governing capitalist society is politically impartial, this implies that it is accessible as a set of institutes and mechanisms to of any kind group earns an election.The age of Reason (Enlightenment) was accompanied with the good d eal considering that the cognitive ability of men would perhaps lead them to peace, safety, an upright government and perfect society. The age of Reason had a primary role exposing the insufficiencies of the current government. Though, there was a variance in viewpoint in the issue modern organizations. Some people were in favor of the potentate system of governing, whereas others contrasted the State. The followers of an authoritarian state and the public had no idea that men are logically reasonable and good enough allowing them to be reliable in the achievement of an tearaway(a) collaboration (Kevin, 2012).A strong theory is one that can be proven wrong, this is because theories can be proven wrong via the use of facts that are contradictory in a credible manner. Researchers continue to carry out various researches, for this reason a good theory is one that researchers will try to ascend up with new evidence that tries to question it. A good instance is

Services Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Services Management - Essay ExampleFor Virgin Trains and any other telephone line for that matter, to realize rectifyd service delivery and performance emanating from effective service process and people management, it is imperative that the business processes are aligned with the wants, needs, preferences, and tastes of its clients and employees. Such an co-occurrence is quite an effective approach in promoting business effectiveness, efficiency, flexibility, technology use, and innovativeness. In addition, there should be a continuous attempt by the company to improve its processes. In other words, the firm should adopt a process optimization process. This approach replaces the functionally focused and traditionally hierarchical management approaches that most businesses dress with more effectiveness and capabilities to generate revenues and reduce costs. Importantly, Virgin Trains ought to regard its service processes, service people, and resources as strategic assets, which m ust be well managed, understood, and constantly meliorate to help the business add value to its products and services. Finally, Virgin Trains may adopt sound process governance in which it would allocate its processes and work towards realizing its objectives in both its operational and progress-related sections.

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

International Marketing - Essay ExampleIt is one of the most powerful elements in international marketing. It is stated that advertisement though impersonal in character, could create profound influence in persuading prospects to become customers. It is true that advertisement carries only a message to the consumers and does not substantiate the consumers with any physical attributes. Nowadays, advertising is becoming exceedingly important in everyday life. The use of the Internet has augmented the grandness of advertising as advertisements about a specific brand or product reach people easier. Many advertisements have deeper meanings than when seen at first jalopy especially in magazines where the main goal of the advertisement is to convey a message to the readers through the use of text or symbols. Central to much of modern-day day advertising in glossy magazines is the use of the metaphor. (Proctor et al, 2005). Metaphors are often used to broaden the way of understanding thing s. They also lead to a racy level of ambiguity in the metaphoric form.

The usage of accounting numbers in management compensation contracts Assignment

The usage of accounting deeds in management compensation contracts - subsidization Example(4 marks) b) Find a comp each (other than Qantas) which uses accounting numbers in their management compensation contracts. Identify the company and given an example of an accounting number that they use in their management compensation contracts. NOTE the company must be an Australian company, currently listed on the stock exchange. You must not refer to any financial statements before 2012. Any references to financial statements should clearly indicate the number of the page referred to. (2 marks) c) On the 25th May, 2012, Hastie Group Ltd (http//www.hastiegroup.com.au) advised the market that an employee deliberately caused irregularities in Hasties accounts in the 2008?09 financial year, leading to a $20 million dollar adjustment to its full?year profit. Hasties announcement to the market indicated that several(prenominal) current and former senior management may have participated in the irregularities and failed to apply the required standards of financial supervision and review. If Hasties executives had received bonuses based on this incorrect figure, do you believe they should have to return this money to the company? Why or why not? (4 marks) Answers a. A management compensation contracts is a type of contract that is designed to connect the shareholders goals with those of the executives or CEO. ... In order to diminish the costs, contracts are utilized in the alignment of the stakeholders interests as well as actions of the two parties by relying on accounting numbers that provide incentive in maximizing shareholders pry (Beatty, Ramesh and Weber, 2002, Pp. 218-227). The strong get hold of for accounting numbers assist in conceptualizing purpose of accounting information the evaluation as well as making decisions on issues of allocating scarce resources. Therefore, at that place are accounting oriented measures that are formulated to enable manage compen sation contracts. These measures are utilized as a cost effective approaches in providing financial incentives allowing management in earning higher remuneration amounts in order to reach targets that have been set by accounting numbers to maximize shareholder interest. For instance, a management compensation contract stating that a director responsible for performance bonuses is supposed to rely on accounting numbers like virtue ratios or net profits in order to direct a directors compensation. This gives the management an incentive of making decisions liable to increase the shareholders value and at the same time trying to avoid NPV investments as well as reducing the consumption. Therefore, it is appropriate to conclude that accounting numbers utilized in compensation contracts assist in reducing agency costs as well as benefit the shareholders. b. The Woolworths Ltd Annual Report 2012 shows clearly that management is even up by utilizing Sort Term Incentives Plans (STP) as wel l as the long Term Incentive Plans which constitute 40% of the remuneration offered to the Executive Directors. The STIP is based on accounting numbers like the

Major assignment (fa) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12500 words

Major assignment (fa) - Reoceanrch Paper Examplet sparing development growths of different regions, the news that Ireland will be the fastest growing economy in the European Union spurred my interest to look out for the surrounding facts that brought this growth. Several authors have published articles about economic growth of Ireland prediction of growth for instance (RTE News, Nov. 2014). However, much that has been written about Irelands growth was focused on economy, but there is not a great deal of discussions on other important sources of growth. The goal of this paper is to bring together in this research the overall transitional developments of this country, from the past, modern, and up to redeem civilization. This research therefore focuses on collaborating facts that figured out this robust growth..To achieve this goal, this article is organized into five sections. The first section, provides the Geography that consists of Irelands Absolute & copulation Location, Size ( metric), Hydrological Features, Orographic Features, Climatic Features, Flora & Fauna, Population, etc. The second section talks about important historical developments of the country, and on the next, the political system is discussed. Third branch discusses the countrys economy and fourth subsection deals with the culture and tourism. Final section is devoted to the authors views and comments.Ireland is situated in Western Europe, occupying five-sixth of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, West of Great Britain. (See Appendix 1 for map). Its Geographic coordinates is 5300 N 800 W. It takes up an area of 70,723 sq. km. divided into 68,883 sq. km. of land and 1,390 sq. km. of water. countrified boundary is UK 360 km. Ireland ranks as the 120th largest country in world ranking, and only slightly smaller than West Virginia. Ireland has a coastline of 1,448 km. (CIA World Facts). It has a territorial sea of 12 nautical miles (nm). In 2013, Ireland has a registered excl usive fishing

Corporate sustainability reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate sustainability describe - Essay ExampleAt the same time, as developments in technology and knowledge are contributing to financial development, they also have the potential to assist resolving the threats and risks to the sustainability of environment, social congenators and economies. Sustainability reporting is the kind of practice of disclosing, measuring, and being accountable to external and internal stakeholders for organizational instruction execution towards the objective of sustainable development. A sustainability report should offer a reasonable and balanced representation of the sustainability performance of a reporting company consisting of both veto and positive contributions. The guidelines of Sustainability Reporting comprise principles for defining content of report and guaranteeing the quality of reported information. It also consists of standard disclosures made up of indicators of the performance and other items of the disclosure, in addition to gui dance on specific technical and technological topics in reporting. A companys own sustainability and business policy offers the circumstance in which performance is discussed. The relationship between the organizational strategy and sustainability should be made clear, as should the circumstance in which performance is reported. ... A sustainability report also refers to a single, combined disclosure that offers a balanced and reasonable presentation of performance over a fixed period of time. Stakeholders must be capable to instantaneously access all of the information in the report from a single location, such as a GRI content index. The GRI Reporting Structure is planned to set up a normally accepted structure for reporting on a companys environmental, economic and social performance. The structure includes the guidelines of the Sustainability Reporting, Technical Protocols, the Indicator Protocols, and the welkin Supplements. Organizational operations connected to operating, entering, and exiting can have numerous negative impacts on local communities. Indicators in the GRI structure, such as economic data or environmental emissions, will offer an overall idea of negative and positive impacts, but may not be capable to present them in relation to local communities. Sustainability reporting must consider every material sustainability topics that are appropriate in understanding how a company can create, erode or preserve value over time. Environmental, economic, and social impacts can turn out to be significant over an extended time period. Reports should be capable to beam both long-term as well as short-term topics and foreseeable longer-term subjects. A sustainability report thus covers a wider range of subjects than constitutional and statutory reporting needs, consisting of, but not limited to Impacts on stakeholder groups that are of high significance to them Opportunities to contribute to broader sustainability objectives Opportunities to adap t to planned changes in policies and regulatory frameworks (RG Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, 2000). Once a

Strategic management Link between strategic planning and performance Essay

strategical management Link between strategic preparation and performance - Essay ExampleHere strategic cooking is used as a term to illustrate an organisational decision-making process, which can be generally delimitate as the process of realising the mission, primary goals, tactics, and approaches that govern the attainment and allocation of resources to accomplish organisational objectives (Pearce et al., 1987, p. 658). The major intention of this essay is to contribute new pragmatic evidence on the connection between strategic planning and performance, and to reflect on the effect of a set of related variables on this association. Mintzberg and Lampel, (1999, pp. 21-30) indicate that the term formal strategic planning is an intention to express that an organisations strategic planning overall process entails app arnt systematic procedures used to increase the participation and commitment of those chief stakeholders influenced by the plan.Study on the association between strate gic planning and firms performance has proved indecisive. From the early researches it is revealed that strategic planning improved performance (Herold, 1972, p. 94). However, later studies revealed that thither was no patent systematic relationship between them (Shrader et al., 1984, pp. 149-171). Bresser and Bishop (1983) argued that if strategic planning bring in firmness and supports excessive bureaucracy then it might be called as dysfunctional.Despite the sustained significance of performance aim... 101-109) has mentioned that concentration has not been given to strategic planning and performance in experiential study. According to Greenley (1994), primarily, it should get up the organisations performance. The basic conjecture of strategic management emphasises on the planning of a task, aims and targets, of which organisation performance is a component, the practice of strategies to achieve these aims and targets, and control to guarantee that the targets are accomplished. S econd, the intention of strategic planning is to increase the value of management all over an organisation. As a result this could bring about indirect idol in performance, although its effectiveness may, certainly, be lost in the intricacy of variables with the likelihood to influence performance. However, managers may understand that it adds to effectiveness, giving them a sentiment of confidence and control. Strategic planning may therefore be useful as a process of management, in spite of the performance attained. In fact, the entire concentration of strategic management evolves around the accomplishment of objectives, which correspond to ambitions for future performance.Boyd (1991, p. 355) defines that strategic planning is a mean to run environmental turmoil, which has been adopted by numerous organisations. In addition, formal strategic planning is an unending managerial process, with a number of elements, embracing establishment of objectives and creation and assessment of strategies. A useful strategic planning system creates a link between long-range strategic objectives with both mid-range and functional plans. Planners gather data, estimate, and frame out and build alternative future scenarios. Ostensibly, such activities permit organisations to

Micro analysis of Apocalyspe Now (1979) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Micro analysis of Apocalyspe Now (1979) - Essay Exampleinspired by the 1902 novel of Joseph Conrad, The Heart of Darkness, Apocalypse Now presents a story of a U.S. Army assassin, Captain Benjamin Willard in his final mission in Vietnam. Willard is tasked to take a voyage up the Nung River into Cambodia, for purposes of finding and killing a renegade Green Beret officer, Colonel Walter Kurtz. Kurtz, who is believed to have gone insane, leads a native Montagnard army in the commission of derange killings. The native army regards Kurtz as their god.Willard joins the troop of a Navy river patrol boat in order to reach Kurtz. As the journey of Willard continues, his crew comes across Lieutenant Colonel Bill Kilgore, chief of a U.S. Army pearly cavalry group, who led the elimination of a Viet Cong colony to suffer an entry point for the Patrol Boat River into the mouth of the Nung River. After several notable episodes of the journey, Willard finally reached the outpost of Kurtz, complet ing his mission and thereby gaining an acknowledgment of the natives as their new god.The chosen sequence depicts a part of the journey of battle-weary Captain Benjamin Willard to the ferocious profundity of war. The film sequence focuses on Willards mission to attack a Vietnamese village suspected of being an enemy stronghold, with the indispensable participation of Lieutenant Colonel Bill Kilgore, who takes Willard on an airborne despoil utilizing several U.S. army gunships. The sequence begins on the sound of a trumpet signalling the commencement of the mission as depicted by the movement of the first helicopter gunship elevating from the ground, followed consecutively by the rest of the gunships. As the helicopters soar the sky, Wagners Ride of the Valkyries plays in the background. Here, the viewer is being initiated into the spectacle and awesome sight of war.As each of the helicopters ascends in the orange sky, showing overlapping shots of helicopters in tight formation

Associate Program Material Essay Example for Free

Associate Program Material EssayHard DriveHard drives are confused storage devices in a computer. When installing a hard drive, you must consider numerous interface standards. You also must think about limited factors, such as the computers application, the type of motherboard, speed and noise, gigabyte barriers, subsystems, future storage needs, and archival issues. Refer to Ch. 8 of A+ Guide To Managing Maintaining Your PC for a deeper understanding of these issues.You may measure hard drive performance by looking at three different sources of information. The first is the data rate, the anatomy of bytes per second the driver can deliver to the processor. The second is the seek time, the amount of time it takes when the processor requests information from the driver and the first byte of information is delivered to the processor. The third is the memory board capacity of the hard drive.For this assignment, you replace the internal hard drives from the computer featured in the Computer Hardware Simulator (CHS). The current internal hard drives are archaic and starting to fail. You need to replace the current hard drives with similar drives or drives with more storage capacity. Search the Internet for three types of hard drives compatible with the CHS computer, and pull in your information for each drive into the New Hard Drive Chart below. After comparing the two drives, make a recommendation on which you would secure and justify your decision. You only have a budget of $45 to work with, so choose carefully.

Society originates Essay Example for Free

Society originates EssayKallipolis now has three carve upes, the producers, the Guardians and the Philosopher-Kings and severally member will perform that function, and only that function, for which he is bandaged by nature30. To distinguish between these classes and discover to which class each person belongs Plato brings in commandment and also his conjecture of a tripartite soul. Through this education process which is a concern of the state31 , all people reach their full potential and thereby acknowledge their social position. To understand the nature of the philosopher kings we examine Platos theory of the soul. in that respect ar three types of desire in the tripartite soul which correspond to the three parts of the state32 appetitive desires (base unitys for things such as food, money and sex), liven desires (for honour, victory and reputation) and rational desires (for knowledge and truth). In each person one of the three desires rules, thereby determining their class and values. Uneducated people are control by their appetites and although they fuck be trained through physical education and a mix of reading, writing, dance and song33 they will only fool acquired a take aim of virtue to act prudently34.This is the producer classes. For these money is the best way of satisfying their desires. Further education leaves people ruled by their spirited desires35 this is the Guardian class that want honour. They are more virtuous than the producers but not as virtuous as the philosopher kings. Those that make it right through the education system are the philosopher kings who are bound by rational desires of the soul. They are fully virtuous and knowledgeable36 and C. Reeve argues that the education process will make them distribute the benefits of this knowledge among the citizens whilst ruling.thither are other proposals for the production of citizens of the right sort including restriction of the arts, the institution of mating festivals a nd private proportion is to be abolished37 (for the devil higher classes so they can focus solely on their function as rulers). Plato states the philosophers are above any corruption due to their education and training which makes them designed solely to harness and it means they possess knowledge and understanding no one else in the city does. They will not be corrupted by ruling because they screw that others, lacking their knowledge, would do a worse job than themselves.It is a concern they must perform, to spend the rest of their time doing what they authenticly want to do philosophical research. Plato also sets down strict guidelines for the guardians way of life, especially the absence of family life and private property which he considers the greatest temptation in public life. Plato has two ways to further explain this division of class to the reader and the people within the state. The first is the allegory of the Cave. To understand this we have to understand the fo rms of the good38.Kraut defines them as eternal, changeless, invisible and bodiless objects a pre-eminent good39 which will improve our lives we if understand and love them. Those that discover these forms, the philosophers, will attain complete happiness and will have a duty to relate these forms back to society. All mankind is situated within the cave and are all initially chained to the wall, seeing shadows of the forms which they believe are the real things. Those that break free, the philosophers, are free from illusion40 and see not only the form of the good.They are able to exit the cave and see this light and have a duty to bring it back to society. The other story is the myth of the metals41, often known as the noble lie42. The tale goes that when each person was fashioned by the gods a metal was added to each person which qualifies their social class. Those with gold in them are rulers, silver in the auxiliaries and iron and bronze in the producers. Within each class howe ver children can be born with a higher/lower metal in their souls than their parents. When this happens they are to be promoted/demoted to their proper class43.This myth was propagated to see to increase their (civilians) loyalty to the state and to each other44 and to persuade people to accept their social class as their destiny and therefore not to challenge it. The scotch classes should therefore take this rule without demur as the relationship of classes, like everything else in the state is perfect45. It promotes the fact that there are natural differences between humane beings46 and that through education these metals can be ascertained and streamlined. However as a Christian I do not believe Platos view, that the philosopher king should rule, is correct.There are several reasons for this. The first is education does not necessarily make anyone more virtuous than others. The password states that all have sinned and fallen short of the halo of God47 and this is shown in pra ctise today by the fact that the educated rulers can be corrupt, unfaithful to their wives and motivated by money/involved in bribery. Since the Bible tells us that we all are selfish by nature, and education cannot remove this, we should not expect the rulers to solely put the needs of others above their own desires for power, wealth, property and status, however noble that may be.The taking away of the family from the philosopher class would also in my feel make him a worse ruler, less in intimation with society and less developed as a character. Also from a secular viewpoint it is not right to put only educated rulers from one strata of society in power when those from a less education background could be more in touch with society and its needs. Also the prospect of a state education system selecting the leaders of the city is a matter of concern as the relevant knowledge which Plato advocates is purely a matter of opinion and therefore may be biased.Also these rational desire s, that the philosopher king is supposed to have, are not I believe the monopoly of the educated. They can be found at all levels of society. Also Plato denies personal advancement in his city, especially once a person has been graded. In reality however once people have met their basic needs there is a desire for more. Also it is not natural for people to forgo private property even if they are a ruler. Therefore I would conclude that Platos view, that the philosopher kings should rule, is incorrect and unrealistic in terms of any real society and its values.2,045 words.Bibliography TEXT USED Plato, The Republic, Penguin Classics 2nd edition 1987 some other WORKS David Reece, Plato in policy-making Thinkers, pp 54-72 Edward Andrew, Equality of opportunity as the noble lie History of Political Thought X, 4 (1989), pp 577-596 Rex Martin, The ideal state in Platos Republic History of Political Thought II,1 (1981) P1-30 Richard Kraut, The defence of justice in Platos Republic The Cam bridge Companion to Plato, Cambridge 1992, pp311-337 Christopher Rowe, Plato the search for an ideal form of state Plato to Nato (1990), BBC books.Timothy Shiell, The oneness of Platos Political Thought History of Political Though XII,3 (1991) pp377-390 1 Plato, The Republic, P 56 Quote of a sub title 2 Rex Martin, The Ideal domain in Platos Republic P1 3 Plato The Republic P56, Quote from Editor, Desmond Lee 4 Ibid P58 5 Ibid P59 6 Ibid P60 7 Ibid P60 8 Ibid P61 9 Ibid P61 10 Ibid P61 11 Ibid P61 12 IbidP62 13 Ibid P62 14 Plato The Republic P62 15 Ibid P63 16 Ibid P63 17 Rex, Martin The Ideal State In Platos Republic, P2 18 Plato, The Republic P63 19 Ibid P64 20 Ibid P64 21 Plato, The Republic, P65.22 Ibid P66 23 Ibid P67 24 Ibid P66 25 Ibid P68 26 Ibid P121 27 Ibid P121 28 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P23 29 Plato, The Republic P119 30 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P23 31 Ibid P70 32 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P23 33 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic 34 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic P3 of article 35 Ibid P3 36 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic 37 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P24 38 Plato, The Republic, P239.39 Richard Kraut, The defence of justice in the Republic, The Cambridge companion to Plato 40 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic 41 Plato, The Republic, P213 42 Edward Andrew, Equality of Opportunity as the Noble Lie P 577 43 R. Martin, The Ideal State In Platos Republic P10 44 Plato, The Republic P123 45 R. Martin, The Ideal State in Platos Republic P 9 46 Edward Andrew, Equality of Opportunity as the Noble Lie P1 47 Bible, NIV Romans 3 v 23 GV100 Introduction to Political Theory, Essay No 1 Name Sarah Pickwick Class 7 Teacher Mr J Olsson.

The literature concerning Essay Example for Free

The literature concerning EssayThe literature concerning welf are rights movement at to the lowest degree in the 1960s can be characterized by the growing cry to bring radical positive changes in the welfare system of the United States. For these scholars, the rate of flow welfare system of the United States is producing a new form of inequality despite the resources that it is providing to the poor. The current system of welfare which is limited and someways rigid had failed to erase the problem on poverty. In this sense, these scholars are providing a new light in solving the problem on welfare and its effectiveness. Numerous scholars like Richard Cloward and Frances Fox Piven had argued for the radical extension and expansion of the current welfare system of the United States. For them, the existing system of welfare which is rigid and limited had failed to really help and provide assistance for the poor. The system of welfare that existed is somehow impotent in nature in re lation to its capacity to erase poverty. What they are recommending is a radical change in the system that will free more people that eligible for welfare to be subsisted on it.They also argue for an increase in amount of welfare that will not retributive feed the people subsisting it but will also allow them to move forward in the hierarchy that will enable them to prosper at least domestically. This can also be related to the situation of minimum wage. Minimum wage are kept at bay not on the fundament of economic sustenance or company stability. Rather, wages are kept low for the workers and employees not to really prosper to come up to a head word that can rise and leave their jobs.The era of individual pursuit of interest had proved to be inadequate in easing poverty among Americans. Though on that point are real and concrete examples of people escaping poverty on the basis of their individual merits and actions, the other people who failed to move up in the hierarchy shou ld also be taken to consideration. The system should not just support the exceptional people who can manage to rise. Rather than providing individual reforms, what must be squash are collective terms of actions that will provide a fertile ground for groups of people to grow and prosper.This is comparable with labor unions that push reforms, benefits and wage hikes not on the basis of individual levels but on the basis and scope of the group. For these scholars, this is the way to go if we are really aiming for the problem of poverty to be solved.ReferencesBlumer pp. 303-306 Cloward, R. Piven, F. (1966) The metric weight unit of the Poor A Strategy to End Poverty. Common Dreams. Web. Accessed. 10 August 2010. Retrieved from http//www. commondreams. org/headline/2010/03/24-4 OConner, pp. 158-169 Spitzer pp. 112-115

Unemployment In Saudi Arabia And The Uk Economics Essay

Unemployment In Saudi Arabia And The Uk Economics EssayThis essay bequeath discuss a macroeconomic anesthetize that affect to administration economy. Understanding this issue is related to understand roughly general concept about the economic first. What is economic, what it divided to and how it related to government issues. and so afterward understanding these general ideas get out focus on unemployment issue, what it is and how it affect to government economy. After that a comparison between unemployment in Saudi Arabia and unemployment in UK. In order to understand the issue in these countries using an analysis tool in necessary which will be bloke analysis in order to relies the reasons why that issue is important and the reason of it also.First of all what is economic, economics is a carriage to find how curing lives process in that way which the live now. It is a measurement tool used by economics to know more about how great deal live. Also to find out the influen ces of some factors that could change these process to be better.Economics is mainly contain two part which argon Macroeconomic and Microeconomic, and each part is focus on unlike way of study argona. Macroeconomic is a field of study which related to governmental issues economy or globally and how economy fluctuate. The purpose of study macroeconomics in to understand and be able to analyze some issues such as national income, unemployment, inflation, rate of growth and price level. On the other hand, Microeconomics is discuss people decisions which related to the market. The aim of study Microeconomics is to define services and goods quantity and price, and also to discover the effect of government rules and taxes to the goods and services price, as an example of what Microeconomics study are cars prices and demand, telecom and electricity.In this essay will discuss one of Macroeconomic issue in two different countries which are Saudi Arabia and UK. The issue will focus on is unem ployment, and the reasons of this issue. Then considering how it affect to the government economics. According to Donald Rutherford in his book Dictionary of Economics, he define unemployment as the stat of being part of a dig force, wanting to work, but without a vocation.( Rutherford, 1992, p. 473)Unemployment is defined as person who is available to work, looking for a job and does not have a job now. And some countries add more conditions to define person as unemployment, such as in Saudi Arabia hint that the person account as unemployment if the former conditions apply on him and he accept the minimum rate of salary. And in UK they define unemployment as In the United Kingdom the definition of unemployment is someone who is in receipt of the jobseekers allowance (Parkin et al , 1997).Unemployment.Unemployment is a major problem that could affect to government economy, there are different side of that affect. Unemployment could affect to government policy, amicable relati onships between people, economic growth, productivity and technology development. In this essay will use a tool to analyze this issue through the chosen countries and how it affect.PEST Analysis.PEST analysis based on four factors which are Political and it consist of governmental regulations and laws, government type and political change.Economic which consist of growth, labor supply and labor costs.Social and contains population growth, health and education.Technology contain impact of technology and productivity.Unemployment in the United Kingdom.Unemployment in the UK actually is not a new problem or happen recently it started years ago and it fluctuated in lavishly parting to low percentage during 1855 to 1994.According to C.H.Feinstein, he mention that the percentages of unemployment in the UK changed from time to time. It yield the highest percentage in 1935 where it was 15% and almost 0% during 1945. Both of them have it own political reasons at that time.Political.Th ere are mevery reasons that leads to unemployment, first political reasons government evermore centralize the governmental organizations and businesses to be inside the big cities and rather than smaller one or farming(prenominal) side which affect that most people leave these village and move to live in big cities. And thats affect to most businesses and market be only in big cities and then this country lose one or more of public sectors like education for example, and that what happen in the UK actually. or so of population be in big cities and the most of universities opened in big cities, then it will lead to lack of knowledge between people who lives in these places and cannot offer to let their children to lean in cities cause of expensive.Economic.Also there are economics reasons for unemployment in the UK, labor market are always linked with economy of these country. For example, the salary for employee in a rich country is different than other who could do the same job but in short(p) country. Employee lose their motivation to work because of the low payment and that affect to the company or organization productivity.Another economic reason of high percentage of unemployment is the reference crunch. Since the credit crunch happen and most of companies affected of it, they try hard to adjust their balance and the only way to do that is end a lot of their employee contract. The next chart shows that the percentages of unemployment is start to increase sharply when the world affected by credit crunch.http//www.tradingeconomics.com/Temp/United-Kingdom-Unemployment-Rate-Chart-000001.png?0b055430-d250-4215-93a4-27094745a09bTechnology.Also the technology affect to spread the unemployment in United Kingdom in different ways. A lots of companies nowadays work hard to introduce machines to their company instead of human. The companies managers have their own stoppage of view, the managers think that these electronic machines work more than the humans and at that time the productivity of the company will raise tribal. The human employee work 8 hours chance(a) but these machines could work without break time or stop during 24 hours. Also the costs of this machines is lower than human and for future the expenses will reduce and the avail will increase and that what privy sectors looking for. The new generations of robot employee will increase the rate of unemployment in UK.Social.Lora a student in a university were graduate recently from a law school. She works hard to find a job in a lawyer office, but unfortunately for her she graduate when the percentage of unemployment is high. As she not born in a rich family and cause of shortage of money she works in a clothes shit. Years after another trying hard to find a job that she looking for, but after a while she find herself stuck in the clothes shop because she cannot compete the new graduates law students.Previous example is shows how can unemployment affect socially, Lora found a solution for her problem in her way but others could not handle the unemployment like Lora. Rises of crime, alcoholism and violence are reflect of people who are jobless and have nothing to do. People who are unemployment and deal with this pip in wrong way by dealing a drug for example, easy money will be in their hand and they will never think of find a job but they will act in different way to try hard to make the worker be addict and then they will be a jobless cause they cannot do their job in the right way.If the unemployment increase the social problem will increase as will.Unemployment in the Saudi Arabia.Unemployment in Saudi Arabia in a new problem actually, the government did not face that huge change magnitude in unemployment like what happen recently. Unemployment rate in Saudi Arabia reach the highest percentage in Dec 2009 when reach almost 10.5 % , where the lowest percentage was during 1999 when reach 8.1 %. There are many reasons that affect to the unemploymen t to raise in Saudi Arabia.http//www.tradingeconomics.com/Temp/Saudi-Arabia-Unemployment-Rate-Chart-000002.png?cd318801-9e82-4d60-b5a6-41ce6853181ePolitical.Because of Saudi Arabia more than 50 % of its total area are desolate, government did not make much effort to consider that the people who live in these areas are jobless. There is no industries inside these areas and those people who lived in desert which named Bedouins most of them are unemployment. They did not study or finish their graduation year cause of their culture enforce them to stay in their land to graft or raising camel through their childhood. They grown up and the time is change and they cannot depend on what their father used to do, but also they are not capable to work cause of lack of education.Economic.Saudi Arabia are like all other countries which affected by credit crunch, but because of the government regulations the private organizations cannot fired these employee before their contract will end. Then they companies use different way to reduce the keep down of the employee by adding more work to do for them. actually that idea reduce the employee because most of them resign from work and also the company save more money than they expect. Many organization do that strategy and number of unemployment raise.Another reason of high percentage of unemployment is foreign labor. Some company hire a foreign labor cause of low cost of them and the high skills or professional employee can costs nothing comparing with local employee and with high experience in foreigner side.Technology.Technology is important in any organization in different way especially in industrial sectors. And because there are no much Saudis skilled employee who can work in these sectors, the organizations replace hiring Saudis with foreigner. Most of Saudis cannot handle to use technology in their work, not at this time actually, that raise the percentage of unemployment. Companies always looking to professionals i n a way of reduce the cost of labor by using technology.Social.

Background And Rationale Of The Study English Language Essay

Background And Rationale Of The Study English style Essay linguistic process assessment is an instrument for intelligence activitys teachers to identify the students strengths and weaknesses in phrase learnedness, to place the student into a program and to measure the use of English in tetrad basic skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking). The assessment can be through with(p) by much(prenominal) methods as mental foot races, interviews, or observations. For language teachers, the tests provide evidence of the results of learning and instruction, and hence feedback on the effectiveness of the teaching program (Bachman Palmer, 1996, p. 8). The test results enable the students to develop their performance in language learning effectively. In addition, it is very important to select the approximately suitable language tests which respond to the specific goals of teaching. Language teachers should also understand the functions and the characteristics of the language tests thoroughly. Many practitioners and researchers in language testing (Bachman Palmer, 1996 Brown, 1996 Hughes, 2003 McNamara, 2000) categorize four kinds of language tests based on the test purposes and functions as follows(1) Proficiency Tests argon designed to measure general language skills, including speaking, listening, reading and writing. In addition, proficiency tests generally jockstrap teachers to set up entrance and exit standards for a curriculum (Brown, 1996, p. 9). For instance, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and International English Language Testing System (IELTS) are currently used by many universities where English language proficiency is required.(2) Achievement Tests are aimed at the degree of learning or how much progress the students have made (McNamara, 2000). So achievement tests are directly relevant to the goals of learning and instruction. These tests can be given in the middle or at the endof the program (Hughes, 2003 McNamara, 20 00).(3) Diagnostic Tests are established to analyze the students strengths and weaknesses in the learning process (Brown, 1996 Hughes, 2003). These tests are conducted at the outset of the program (Brown, 1996).(4) Placement Tests are focused on screening the students to see whether they can think over in a program and grouping the students in the same(p) level of language proficiency (Hughes, 2003). Hence, the results of these tests will enable the teachers to accurately place the students entering any institution or program (Bachman Palmer, 1996).In addition to a clear understanding of the functions and the characteristics of language tests, language teachers have to understand the locution of those tests. There are two approaches which have an influence on test construction the discrete-point approach and the integrated approach (Hughes, 2003). For the discrete-point approach, language teachers view each language component separately, beat one language skill at a time, such as testing grammar or vocabulary (Brown, 1996 McNamara, 2000). In language testing, discrete-point tests emphasize language form rather than language use (McNamara, 2000). However, the discrete-point test results focusing on a single language component are inadequate to determine the students language proficiency (Jitendra Rohena-Diaz, 1996). As a consequence, Oller (1979) suggests that teachers should construct language tests using the integrative approach instead.In the integrative approach, the language teachers view language as a whole, emphasizing both productive and receptive skills (Brown, 1996 Hughes, 2003 McNamara, 2000). Integrative tests, such as cloze, dictation, writing an essay, and interview, can measure several skills simultaneously (Brown, 1996 Hughes, 2003). Moreover, integrative tests are suitable for assessing language proficiency and communicative skills (Brown, 1996 McNamara, 2000). McNamara (2000) contends that integrative tests take a plenitude of time to construct and score, as shown in Table 1. However, cloze tests are reported to be less time consuming, easier to score, and more authorized in measuring students English language proficiency (Oller, 1979).The cloze test was initiated by Taylor (1953, cited in Oller Conrad, 1971). Originally, there were two kinds of cloze tests a rational cloze and a stochastic cloze (see Example 1). The former refers to the cutting out of specific types of excogitates in a selected passage, such as prepositions or articles. The latter deals with a consistent ablation of each nth intelligence activity, such as all fifth or seventh word. The students task is to fill in the deleted fall in in the cloze passage. cloze tests can measure grammatical structure, written expression and vocabulary as come up as reading comprehension (Steinman, 2002). In addition, some studies (Aitken, 1977 Oller Conrad, 1971 Oller, 1979 Stubbs Tucker, 1974) indicate that the cloze test is an effective instrument which is reliable and valid to measure English language proficiency. But the incompatible deletion rates have an effect on the validity and the measurement of the cloze test (Alderson, 1979, 1980, 1983, 2000). Klein-Braley (1997) adds that the deletion rates used in cloze tests require long passages. If a cloze test with the deletion of every fifth word provides 50 items, the text length should be at least 250 words (Oller, 1979). This problem has led to the development a brisk form of the cloze test which is called the C-Test.The C-Test, one of the new cloze tests, was constructed by Raatz and Klein-Braley (1981) in order to see if it could be more effective than the lord cloze tests in measuring the students English language proficiency. The construction of the C-Test is based on the same principle as that of the cloze test however, only the second half(prenominal) of every second word is deleted as can be seen in Example 2. In the C-Test, if the deleted word contains an even number of letters, the second half of this word will be deleted, such as exper i e n c e (10 letters). For a word with an odd number of letters, its larger part must be deleted, such as th e r e (5 letters). Moreover, many research studies indicate that the C-Test is more effective and more reliable than the original cloze (Connelly, 1997 Drnyei Katona, 1992 Klein-Braley, 1985, 1997), and yet, Drnyei and Katona (1992) report that the C-Test is too difficult for non-native students packing a target language such as English.As a result, Thongsa-nga (1998) adopted the original C-Test to make it suitable for Siamese students studying English as a foreign language. Imitating the C-Test construction, Thongsa-nga (1998) proposed the upstart C-Test (the NC-Test) by deleting the second half of every third word in order to provide more clues for the non-native test takers, as can be seen in Example 2. According to the investigation of Thongsa-nga (1998), the NC-Test is diligent as a pro ficiency test for non-native students at a secondary school level. The findings reveal that the NC-Test is reliable to assess the English language proficiency of these Thai Mathayomsuksa Six students. As far as this researcher has been able to establish, there has been no research investigating the use of the NC-Test for non-native university students in Thailand. So the present study is designed to examine the similarities and the differences in using the C-Test and the NC-Test in measuring the English language proficiency of start-off-year Thai undergrad students.Another form of the cloze test, the Modified C-Test (the MC-Test), also known as the X-Test, was invented by Boonsathorn in 1987 (cited in Boonsathorn, 1990, p. 46). For the MC-Test, the foremost-year half of every second word is deleted (see Example 3). In the MC-Test, if the gibe number letters of the deleted word is an even number, the first half of this word will be deleted, such as d i s a gree (8 letters). For a word with an odd number of letters, its larger part will be deleted, such as o t h er. According to Boonsathorn (1987), the first half deletion in the MC-Test compares with the C-Test. His study reports that the MC-Test is more difficult and discriminates better than the C-Test. Some research findings show that the MC-Test has high reliability and validity and can be used with advanced students (Kberl Sigott, 1996 Prapphal, 1994 Sigott Kberl, 1993 Wonghiransombat, 1998). So the MC-Test should be further investigated to see its strengths and weaknesses in assessing English language skills. The MC-Test can be an alternative type for a better assessment of the English language proficiency of Thai undergraduate students, although the study of Sigott and Kberl (1993) claims that the MC-Test is more difficult for non-native speakers.Wonghiransombat (1998) then proposed the New Modified C-Test (the NMC-Test) in order to make the original MC-Test appropriate for non-native students (p. 23). The construction of the NMC-Test is based on the same principle as the MC-Test however, the first half of every third word is deleted to provide more clues as shown in Example 3. In addition, Wonghiransombat (1998) reports that the NMC-Test with the third starting point, or the third-word deletion, is easier and has better discrimination than the original MC-Test. Her study, the only research done in Thailand to examine the use of the MC-Test and the NMC-Test at the grad student level, also shows that the NMC-Test can be utilized to measure English language proficiency of Thai postgraduate students. Therefore, the present study is also aimed at examining the similarities and the differences in using the original MC-Test and the NMC-Test in measuring English language proficiency of the Thai undergraduate students.In addition to the construction of new language tests, language teachers should further investigate the students test-taking strategies in order to validate the languag e test and to examine what language abilities the test can measure (Cohen, 1994, 1998). Test-taking strategies can be defined as the processes that the test takers make use of in order to produce acceptable answers to questions and tasks, as easy as the perceptions that they have about these questions and tasks before, during, and after responding to them (Cohen, 1998, p. 216). For instance, some students read an entire cloze passage before filling in the missing parts (Cohen, 1998). Moreover, the perceptions of language tests and test-taking strategies of the students with high- or low-language-ability are varied (Cohen, 1984 Sasaki, 2000 Yamashita, 2003). As far as the present researcher has been able to determine, there has been no investigation in Thailand on cloze test-taking strategies. Therefore, cloze completion processes are also included in this study to examine the strategies used in taking the C-Test, the MC-Test, the NC-Test, and the NMC-Test for non-native undergradu ate students.In conclusion, this research is aimed at comparing the new cloze formats (the NMC-Test and the NC-Test) with the older cloze formats (the MC-Test and the C-Test) and to examine the similarities and the differences in these four tests for Thai undergraduate students. Also, this study focuses on examining what test-taking strategies or procedures the students use date responding to the different types of cloze tests.1.2 Purpose of the StudyThe present study aims to investigate the differences in the four types of the cloze tests by comparing the use of the MC-Test with that of NMC-Test, and the use of the C-Test with that of the NC-Test. In order to understand the cloze test-taking strategies, the study is also designed to find out to what extent undergraduate students use seven test-taking strategies while answering the different types of cloze tests. The strategies are based on the latest categorization of Sasaki (2000). The new cloze tests including the C-Test, the NC -Test, the MC-Test, and the NMC-Test were taken by first-year science students at Mahidol University in the first semester of academic year 2003. Therefore, the research questions are posed as followsDoes the NMC-Test yield different results from the original MC-Test in measuring students language proficiency?Does the NC-Test yield different results from the original C-Test in measuring students language proficiency?Does using every third-word deletion of the NMC-Test and the NC-Test affect the discrimination power of the test?What test-taking strategies do the first-year undergraduate students in the Faculty of Science at Mahidol University use while taking the C-Test, the MC-Test, the NMC-Test, and the NC-Test?1.3 Significance of the StudyThis study is designed to compare the new cloze formats, including the original C-Test with the NC-Test, and the original MC-Test with the NMC-Test. The results of this study may provide an alternative way for language teachers to measure the Eng lish language proficiency of Thai undergraduate students learning EFL. Test-taking strategies are also studied to enable the language teachers to understand how effectively the students respond to the new types of cloze passage.1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study(1) The study is limited to first year science students at Mahidol University in the first semester of the academic year 2003. The results cannot be generalized to other students, at other university levels, and in other areas.(2) The study focuses on first-year science students with high- and low-language-ability based on the English Entrance Examination scores, which were reported by the coordinator of the science program.(3) Only exact word get ahead is employed in this study.(4) It is assumed that all of the first-year science students have had some background knowledge of English up to Mathayomsuksa Six.1.5 Definitions of TermsCloze test refers to a test in which the entire words are rationally or randomly deleted an d the student is asked to fill in the missing words (Boonsathorn, 1990, 2000 Wonghiransombat, 1998).C-Test is a test in which the second part or the second half of every second word is deleted and the students task is to fill in the deleted parts (Boonsathorn, 1990 Klein-Braley, 1985).New C-Test (NC-Test) is a test in which the second part or the second half of every third word is deleted and the student is required to fill in the missing parts (Thongsa-nga, 1998).New Modified C-Test (NMC-Test) is a test in which the first part or the first half of every third word is deleted and the students task is to fill in the missing parts (Wonghiransombat, 1998).Modified C-Test (MC-Test) is a test in which the first part or the first half of every second word is deleted and the student is required to fill in the deleted parts (Boonsathorn, 1990, 2000 Wonghiransombat, 1998).Readability refers to how easily written materials can be read and understood. Readability depends on many factors, inclu ding (a) the average length of sentences in a passage, (b) the number of new words a passage contains, and (c) the grammatical complexity of the language used. Procedures used for measuring readability are known as readability formulae (Richards, Platt, Platt, 1993, p. 306).Test-taking strategies are the processes that the test takers make use of in order to produce acceptable answers to questions and tasks, as well as the perceptions that they have about these questions and tasks before, during, and after responding to the test (Cohen, 1998, p. 216).

Phases On The Moon Essay

Phases On The Moon EssayWhat causes daytime and night (including seasonal changes in the number of hours of daylight)?When the realm spins nigh on its axis, it arrive ats night and day on humanity. The sunshine rises in the east and sets in the west, turning day into night. On res publica, the length of day and night commonly changes with the seasons. Why argon there divergent seasons? As stated, the Earth spins on a tilted axis ab divulge once every 24 hours to create what we know as night and day. This axis is an invisible line through the centre of the Earth. The northern point is the conglutination Pole and the southern point is the conspiracy Pole.The Earth spins anti-clockwise. The Earth orbits around the sun virtually once every 365 days. As this happens, the tilt of the Earth causes different sections of the Earth to point toward the Sun. This causes different amounts of cheer to r apiece the same surface area of the Earth throughout the socio-economic class. Th e different amounts of sunlight lead to different weather at this location. In the northern hemisphere, when the North Pole points towards the Sun, the Suns light is much sayly overhead and it is summer.When the North Pole points towards the Sun, the South Pole tilts away from the sun resulting in scattered and less direct light. People in the southern hemisphere experience winter while pot in the northern hemisphere have summer. The seasons of spring and autumn are created when the Earths tilt is neither towards, nor away from the Sun. These seasons usually have milder temperatures.Why are there different phases of the Moon?The Moon travels around the Earth in a circle called an orbit. It takes about 28 days to go matchless sentence around the Earth. The Sun always lights up half of the Moon at one time. The Moon is not a light source it has no light of its own. We can only see the Moon because it reflects light from the Sun. The Moon appears to change conformity (phases) but what we are actually seeking is the Moon lit up by the light from the Sun in different ways on different days.What is the cognizance intimacy that supports the teaching of these two ideas?During the Renaissance, Nicholas Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model of the Solar System. His work was defended, expanded upon, and corrected by Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kelper. Galileo added the innovation of using telescopes to raise his observations. Kelper was the first to devise a system that described correctly the details of the motion of the planets with the Sun at the centre.However, it was left to Newtons invention of celestial dynamics and his truth of gravitation to finally explain the motions of the planets. Newton also developed the reflecting telescope. During the nineteenth century, attention to the tierce body problem by Euler, Clairaut and DAlembert led to more absolute predictions about the motions of the Moon and planets.Part 2Eliciting the childrens ideas you ar e to research two different techniques for assessing the childrens ideas in accomplishmentThe aims of primary science can be by and large divided into two categoriesTo stimulate pupils curiosity in the world around them and encourage critical and creative thinkingTo create a foundation for science at secondary school.To fulfil these aims, pupils need to acquire both factual knowledge and the skills of scientific enquiry, identifying questions that can be addressed scientifically planning and carrying out experiments evaluating data and recognising the limitations of their own and others work. The National Curriculum was introduced in 1989, with science as a core adequate to(p). Before 1989, the science curriculum varied widely amongst primary schools.While the National Curriculum is statutory, schools have the freedom to decide how to teach its content to best meet the needs of their pupils. Children tend to be crazy towards science at a young age, as they explore the world aro und them. However, attitudes towards school subjects, including science, often rifles less positive when they transfer to secondary school. As a result, the DfES is focusing its attention on secondary science. However, the primary years are seen as crucial in developing pupils longer term amuse in science. (postnote, 2003, p2).Further, recent research has suggested that pupils interest in science may start to decline at primary school, which are discussed below in more detail below, includeWhether science teaching is adapted by individual schools to reflect the interest of their pupilsThe focus on preparation of SATs tests in the last year of primary schoolsPrimary teachers train of scientific knowledge and confidence in teaching science.Teaching Primary ScienceIn the 1970s and 1980s, teachers lack of scientific knowledge was seen as a major barrier to developing primary science. Primary teaching is largely a female profession and at the time few girls studied science other than biology. Today, primary teachers scientific knowledge is widely recognised as having improved but the debate over the level of scientific knowledge needed by a primary teacher in order to teach effectively remains active. (postnote, 2003, p3).Some professional scientific institutions argue that factual scientific knowledge is paramount. This view is based on a concern that scientific misconceptions are being taught and reinforced in more or less classrooms. Misconceptions (for example, that the Sun moves round a stationary Earth) are often formed at a young age and are difficult to change. Ofsted has raised crabby concerns over the primary sciences, where it reports that many primary teachers are working at the limit of their redeing).On the other hand, Ofsted has found that the best teaching often involves scientific enquiry and close to argue that the emphasis on factual knowledge distracts from this. The essential aim of scientific enquiry, to develop childrens thinking skil ls, can be seen as the basis of any good primary teaching. However, there is concern that some teachers are unclear of the purpose of scientific enquiry, which prevents them from teaching effectively.The Purpose of Assessment clarifying the main purpose for which young children are assessed can help determine what kinds of judgments would be the most appropriate. Assessment of individual children might serve one of the pastime purposesTo determine progress on significant developmental achievementsTo diagnose learning and teaching problemsTo help in instruction and curriculum decisionsTo serve as a basis for reporting to parents andTo assist a child with assessing his or her own progress.Decisions regarding the purpose of assessment should begin with discussion among all the stakeholders parents, educators, and other members of the community as appropriate. The group may want to keep in mind thatPlans, strategies, and assessment instruments are differentially suited for each of t he following potential purposes of assessmentAn boilersuit assessment should include the four categories of educational goals knowledge, skills, dispositions, and feelingsAssessments make during childrens informal work and play are most likely to minimise the many potential errors of divers(a) assessment strategies. (Katz, 1995, p67).The Risks Of Assessing Young ChildrenYoung children are notoriously poor test-takers perhaps they are sometimes conf utilize by being asked questions that they think the tester mustiness already know the answers to. There is reason to suggest that the younger the child being evaluated, assessed, or tested, the more errors are made (Shepard, 1994 Ratcliff, 1995). If this principle is sound, then the younger the children the longer the children stand firm with a label (a true or false one), the more difficult it may become to discard it.Assessment Technique enactment 1 Earth, Sun and Moon Assessment TestThis test has 14 questions, which are listed b elowWhat shape is the Earth?Put the Moon, Sun and Earth in order of size, biggest first.Why is it difficult to collect evidence about the Sun?Why does the Sun appear to move across the sky?Draw the Moon. rationalize why you have it in this way?How long does it take for the Moon to orbit the Earth?How long does it take the Earth to make one staring(a) turn on its axis?Where does the Sun go at night?What does orbit mean?Why do we get more hours of daylight per day in the summer?Where would you be standing if you got 24 hours of daylight every day in summer?If you were remedy in the same place as in question 11, how many hours per day of darkness would you get in winter?Which TWO changes make plants start to grow in the spring?What was your ducky part of this topic?Foundation deliver 2 children aged 4As stated, very young children do not perform well in tests. This test is more like a knowledge and understanding checklist and can be utilize in a mixed bag of circumstances. If children are going to cook scientific knowledge and retain an interest in the subject as they progress through school, then the learning process must be fun, synergistic and stimulating.With the two 4-year olds the test was used to structure a highly interactive dialogue and to assess their current level of knowledge and understanding of the subject matter. twain children knew kind of a lot about day and night, and the shape of the planets. This information had been developed through a variety of sources from school, mum and dad, play with friends, the TV.The dialogue lasted almost 15 minutes and covered about six or seven of the questions on the list. Asking direct questions did not produce positive results. The children become agitated. However, when they become fully engaged in discussion the test could be used to assess their current level of knowledge. This technique, if used correctly, is a useful and versatile assessment method.The childrens responses to the questions can be recorded and revisited at a later date to determine how much new learning has occurred. This technique is also useful when used in conjunction with a variety of learning resources about the subject matter.Year 2 2 children aged 7In this situation the teacher used less prompts to engage each child in discussion about each of the questions in the test. Again the technique proved for assessing the childrens current level of knowledge and understanding of the subject matter. This session lasted 30 minutes and nearly covered all of the questions. When the children became particularly animated about some aspect of the subject matter then it was more productive to let them express their ideas and opinions for some time rather than simply passing onto the next question.Assessment Technique 2 Concept CartoonsThese are a new approach in teaching, learning and assessment in science. They were created by Brenda Keogh and Stuart Naylor in 1991. They feature cartoon-style drawings sh owing different characters contention about an common situation. They are designed to intrigue, to provoke discussion and to stimulate scientific thinking. They may not have a right answer. They are easy with background science notes for teachers.A typical Concept Cartoon has the followingVisual representation of scientific ideasMinimal text, in dialogue formchoice viewpoints on the situationScientific ideas are applied in everyday situationsThe scientifically acceptable viewpoint in the alternativesThe alternativesWith both sets of children, concept cartoons, proved to be very popular. With the 4 year-olds they obviously needed more assistance to help work through each situation that was a portrayed in each cartoon. The 7 year-olds needed less help and were more able to freely express their ideas and opinions about different aspects of the subject matter.Part 3Foundation Stage 2 children aged 4What the children got rightThere is night and dayThere are 4 seasons, which are cause d by the relationship between the Earth and the SunThe Sun is a star and not a planetMisconceptionsThe Moon is made of cheeseThe Sun goes round the EarthThe Earth stands stillAs stated, the 4 year-olds got their ideas about the Moon, the Sun and the Earth from a wide variety of sources. A major problem with developing scientific knowledge is that the children cannot concern to, many of the concepts in the daily lives. Yes they understand there is night because they go to sleep at night it is physically black. They wake up when it is day. However, the Earth whirl on its axis and orbiting around the Sun is something you can tell them but because they cannot go home and find something to relate to they tend to forget this information. If you simply supply them more facts they end up being more confused.Year 2 2 children aged 7The 7 year-olds are generally more clued up about many of the concepts that were discussed. However, when probed about their level of curiosity about the subject matter they said that they did not really like the subject. Yes they agreed that it was important to understand basic scientific facts but they said they were pre-occupied with other things. They could not easily relate to scientific knowledge in their everyday lives.Misconceptions come from a variety of sources but perhaps a loss of interest in the subject matter was the major cause of this incorrect information. The 7 year-olds were not interested in finding out the correct information. Perhaps the biggest problem with teaching primary science is that the pupils find it extremely difficult to apply scientific knowledge to their everyday lives.There are three key aspects to learning something new friendship i.e. facts e.g. the Earth spins on its axis every 24 hours. knowledge putting the facts into a context, which the pupils understand there are lots of learning resources, which can be used to achieve comprehension.Application this is when the pupils can apply this new knowledge to some aspect of their daily lives.Application is a major weakness in many of the strategies that are used to teach primary school pupils science. Where schools spend a lot of time relating science to other areas of the curriculum and the childrens everyday environment at home and at the school then the childrens knowledge and understanding of science dramatically increases.Part 4 A Strategy To Improve The Quality of Teaching Primary ScienceScience at Key Stage 1 Planning For One Childs (Aged 7) ResponseSection 1 Introduction The activity for this section involved asking Tom to draw and explain a find out showing how these would imagine to a traveller in space. He was asked the following questionsIs the Earth flat?Is the Sun bigger than the Moon?Does the Sun move?Knowledge / Comprehension / Activities These questions were used to ascertain Toms current level of knowledge and understanding. Tom knew that the Earth is not flat. He knew that the Sun was bigger t han the Moon. He was not quite sure whether the Sun moved. This is an area, which requires further investigation.ICT The Paint software package was used to allow Tom to paint the Earth, Moon and Sun.Section 2 Flat or Spherical Children Should LearnThat the Sun, Earth and Moon are approximately sphericalThat it is sometimes difficult to collect evidence to test scientific ideas and that evidence may be indirectKnowledge / ComprehensionChildren recognise that the Earth, Sun and Moon are spheresDescribe some indirect evidence that the Earth is spherical e.g. ships seem and disappearing over the horizonActivities Using photographs of the Earth, Sun and Moon taken from space, Tom was asked to confirm whether the aforementioned bodies were flat or spherical. It was explained to Tom that it is only inside recent times (i.e. the last 40 years) that we have had access to photographic evidence from space about Earth being spherical.Tom was asked why people at an earlier time thought that the Earth was flat. Some ideas were explored. In the Middle Ages for example, people could travel far and far as they were concerned the Earth was flat. In those days for the vast majority of people their eyesight and their ears were the primary source of information. Science as such did not exist.ICT The Internet was used to look for additional photographs of the Earth taken from space.Section 3 Size and Distance Children Should LearnAbout the relative sizes of the Sun, Moon and EarthKnowledge / ComprehensionChildren get three spheres to represent the Earth, Sun and Moon recognising which is largest and which is smallest and making a reasonable match to relative sizeActivities The drawings that Tom had made earlier and the images he had made using Paint were used for the next activity. He was presented with a range of spherical objects lawn tennis ball, ball bearing, table tennis ball etc and was asked to select three of the objects, which he considered represented the re lative size of the Earth, Moon and Sun.ICT Instead of asking Tom to select from a range of spherical objects he could have used Paint to produce spherical images of varying sizes to represent the Earth, Moon and Sun.Section 4 The Changing Position Of The Sun What Children Should Learn?That the Sun appears to move across the sky over the pedigree of a dayThat evidence may be interpreted in more than one wayKnowledge / ComprehensionChildren describe how the apparent position of the Sun changes over the course of a day and clarify that this does not mean that the Sun is movingActivities Tom was asked about where the Sun shines into the school and his home at different times of day. He was asked to consider what happened to his shadow during the course of the day. This activity could be extended to looking at shadows in the playground at different times of the day.ICT Tom was provided with assistance to use the Internet to search for websites, which showed different lengths of sh adows.Section 5 The Movement Of The Earth Children Should LearnThat is the Earth that moves, not the Sun, and the Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hoursThat it is daytime in the part of the Earth facing the Sun and night-time in the part of the Earth away from the SunKnowledge / ComprehensionChildren illustrate (e.g. using drawings etc) that different parts of the Earth face the Sun during the course of the day and where it is day and nightExplain that the movement of the Sun is a result of the Earth rotating or spinningActivities Tom was asked to view a all of a sudden excerpt from a video, which showed the Earth spinning on its axis. A short discussion ensued about how the content of the video and the concepts that were illustrated. A table lamp and a tennis ball were used to illustrate the concepts of day and night.ICT Websites which demonstrate the aforementioned concepts and which are interactive.SummaryWhilst the outlined strategies were effective at helping Tom to i ncrease his knowledge and understanding of the Earth, Moon and Sun it is likely that his retention of this information would be increased by linking these studies to other aspects of the curriculum. For example, green issues, how does the Sun affect Eskimos, people who live in Africa etc. This approach would should to increase the comprehension of the pupils with regard to sections 1 to 5.