Impact of cumputers on business and education :: essays research papers

The history of the modern computer age is a brief one. It has been near 50 years since the first operational computer was put into subprogram the MARK 1 in 1944 at Harvard and ENIAC in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania. previous(predicate) use of computers in study was generally found in mathematics, acquirement and engineering as a mathematical problem-solving tool, replacing the slide predominate and thus permitting students to deal more direct with problems of a type and coat most likely to be encountered in the real world.6In 1959, at the University of Illinois, Donald Bitier began PLATO, the first, large-scale project for the use of computers in education. The several thousand-terminal system served undergraduate education as well as elementary school reading, a community college in Urbana, and several campuses in Chicago.7 Thus, the era of computers in education is little more than 35 years old.8The Early PioneersAt Dartmouth, in 1963, John Kemeny and Thomas Kurt z transformed the role of computers in education from primarily a research activity to an academic one. They did not like the caprice that students had to stand in long lines with punch cards for batch processing. So they adopted the recently demonstrated concept of time-sharing that allowed many students to interact directly with the computer. The university developed the time-shared system and expanded it into a regional computing focalise for colleges and schools.9 At the time, most programs were written in machine language or FORTRAN. Kemeny and Kurtz developed a new, easy-to-use language, called BASIC. It spread rapidly and was used for the creation of computer-based instructional materials for a wide variety of subjects and for all levels of education.RAPID GROWTH OF COMPUTER-BASED procreationIn the late 1960s, in order to make access to computers widely available, the National Science Foundation (NSF) supported the development of 30 regional computing networks, which incl uded 300 institutions of higher education and some petty(a) schools. By 1974, over two million students used computers in their classes. In 1963, only 1% of the nations secondary schools used computers for instructional purposes. By 1975, 55% of the schools had access and 23% were using computers primarily for instruction.131975 a remarkable thing happened, the economics that once favored large, time-shared systems shifted to low-cost microcomputers and the ain computer revolution began.By the late seventies personal computers were all over -- at the office, the schoolroom, the home, and in laboratories and libraries.