'Sannu’s Story\r'

'Unit 8. depicted object Study 1. Sannu’s Story Sannu has contracted Leprosy. As a sixteen year old teenager, it is fleshy to pin point when he was infected since Leprosy has a long incubation period. As a elflike boy traveling b atomic number 18foot along trails in his village, Sannu’s automobile trunk has already accommodateed to his brisk conditions. Sannu’s feet be tough and c whollyoused. As Sannu ages, so does his Leprosy transmittance progress. The infection allow cause neuropathy in his extremities which will lead to many injuries to his feet and hands. The wounds acquired will be infected for weeks or even months without treatment.The neuropathy caused by the Leprosy infection is characterized by causing a decrease in sensation in the extremities, muscle weakness, and numbness. Sannu’s feet that deport been toughened by his environment and life zeal have been further injured due to deprivation of sensation and medical treatment. In an attempt to take hold his feet clean to aide the healing of his infections, Sannu is more than probably maintaining a sedentary life movement. This life style along with the progression of the Leprosy infection will burst Sannu’s muscles. A feature common to any tropes of Leprosy is mettle infection. meat damage appears to impart from the multiplication of bacilli at bottom Schwann cells and damage to the perineurium. Most of the deformities occurring from Leprosy be in feature due to trauma or a vicarious infection. In a Leprosy infection one of the inaugural symptoms be anesthesia to heat and cold. Leprosy affects the fringy offensive formation by attacking the myelin pillow slip surrounding the axons which affects the reliability and speed of inwardness impulses. In opposite words, the philia fibers argon no thirster insulated and hardiness impulses cannot be conducted efficiently.There are different types of stunning receptors located throughout the torso and are knowing based on a selective foreplay response. The appropriate receptive field is stimulated within a sensational receptor producing a response. In Sannu’s condition this action is delayed or absent due to the damage of his free nerve endings. Free nerve endings detect painfulness, temperature, and put forward as well as tickle and itch. Sannu’s encapsulated nerve endings are besides damaged. Encapsulated nerve endings detect pressure, vibration, and touch sensations.When Dianna performed the tests to check Sannu’s Achilles tendon and Babinski’s reflex, she was evaluating his bodily senses. Somatic senses involve sensations much(prenominal) as touch, pressure, and pain as well as temperature perception. These are whole touch on in Leprosy infection. In Sannu’s crusade he has also lost the sensations of touch, pressure, and pain in his feet and hands due to the affects of leprosy on his nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, proprioceptors, and exteroceptors. These sensations are also present in the receptive receptors free nerve endings and encapsulated nerve endings.Sannu’s interoceptors would not be affected in a Leprosy infection because interoceptors pertain to the body’s internal environment. Mycobacterium leprae grow topper in relatively cool areas of the body such as: the skin, peripheral jumpiness, the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract as well as the sleeping accommodation of the eye and in severe untreated cases the testes and eventually other(a) vital organs. Leprosy affects the exteroceptors of the external surface of the body. Nociceptors are the receptors of pain and are located in all tissues of the body with an exception of the hotshot.Proprioceptors do no adapt very much, this is why Sannu silence feels pain in his leg that has been amputated. Sannu’s pain is slow pain. obtuse pain is referring to pain that is chronic, burning, aching, or throbbing. The per ipheral receptors set off during a stimulus are the nociceptors. Like other cutaneous and subcutaneous receptors, Nociceptors transduce a form of stimuli into receptor potentials. Also, like other somatic sensory receptors, Nociceptors arise from cell bodies in dorsal stalk ganglia that send one axonal process to the fringe and the other into the spinal cord or brain stem.Peripheral Nociceptors terminate at the site of free nerve endings. Nociceptors are located in the entire body except for the brain. The loss of myelination causes impulses to misfire. Without the myelin sheath the impulses are slower and misdirected. Sannu had little sensation to his extremities because of the process link to his Leprosy infection. phantom limb pain is a result of neuroplasticity (new neural links can be made), or the brain region that once was responsible for exacting the amputated limb is taken over by an neighboring area of the brain.The wraith limb pain is raise by referred sensation s, so that stimuli applied to other body parts can be comprehend from the phantom limb. In patients with Leprosy, phantom limb pain will not occur with moreover the amputation of fingers, toes, hands, or feet. Phantom limbs and phantom limb pain will only occur when the amputation is taken up to the stump of that limb. The commission of Sannu’s amputated leg on the somatosensory amour will involve referred sensations because of remapping of somatosensory areas in the brain. The military action of the somatosensory map in the brain leads to advised experience of body image and somatic sensations.After Sannu’s amputation it is possible for him to initially experience some effects on his balance and equilibrium. This is because after amputation Sannu may still have confused senses of his wanting(p) leg. With the introduction of a prosthesis, Sannu’s brain will connect to the prosthetic device causing his brain to remember how to function as if the original leg were still in that respect. The initial sensory loss that Sannu experienced was due to hindrance of the sensory pathway transmission. Leprosy affects the skin and peripheral nerves which are closest to the exterior of the body where the sensory receptors are located.Leprosy infection is caused by mycobacteria leprae and mycobacterium lepromatosis. Both forms affect the peripheral nervous constitution by attacking the Schwann cells, destroying the myelin. At the site of the Schwann cell, the bacteria multiply and cause damage of the nerve computer architecture and cause secondary inflammation. This disease process results in desensitizing sensory receptors. This is why when Sannu cut his foot, he did not feel the pain, nor the infection that followed. Due to his posture in a remote village and overlook of medical care, his infection resulted in an amputation.The receptors that should have sensed the initial injury to Sannu’s foot are the exteroceptors. Exteroceptors are responsible for responding to stimulus from outside the body such as touch, pressure, pain, and temperature. After Sannu’s amputation he began experiencing phantom limb sensations. This is considered as a form of neuropathic pain. It is presumed to be a response by the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system of an injury. The process of reorganizing occurs from retained nerves from the amputated limb, spinal cord, thalamus, and cerebral cortex.After an amputation the area of the brain that is responsible for processing the sensations from the missing limb are taken over by areas that neighbored the missing limb. It is believed that around 95% of people are naturally immune to Leprosy. Recent research suggests that there is a defect in cell-mediated immunity that causes cleverness to Leprosy. The area of DNA responsible for that variable is also found in Parkinson’s disease. It is speculated the two disorders are linked somehow at the biochemical level. investigate has shown that susceptibility to the disease was linked to region q25 on the long arm of chromosome 6.Further study indicated that the Leprosy susceptibility divisor lies within a region shared by two genes for Parkinson’s disease. Resources The Merk Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy â€Å" infectious Diseases caused by Mycobacteria” 2004 International Journal of Leprosy and other Mycobacterial Diseases â€Å"Linkage of Leprosy Susceptibility to Parkinson’s Disease Genes” June 2004 www. who. ch/ programme [email protected] nl www. encyclopedia. com www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/15372437 en. wikipedia. org/wiki/proprioception rarediseases. about. com. lepercolonies. thalidomide May 16 2009 pubmed. gov Muscle Nerve October 30 2004\r\n'